Cell Parts/ Mitosis
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| Cell | smallest structures to carry life
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| Cytoplasm | semi-fluid in cells that holds the organelles
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| Cytoplasmic Membrane | outline membrane of the cell
(selectively permeable)
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| Selectively Permeable | allows import/export of ONLY certain materials
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| Neurotransmitters | stick to the surface of proteins and transmit the message of the cells
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| Lymphocytes | white blood cells that are antibodies combine with antigens
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| Antigens | potentially harmful proteins
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| Mitochondria | small rod-shaped granules has double membranes
power plant of the cell that is responsible for cellular respiration
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | network of canals that forms a link between the plasmic membrane
important in protein synthesis
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| Ribosomes | proteins that contain ribonucleic acid and enzymes used in protein synthesis
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| Golgi Apparatus | appear as flattened sacs; synthesizes carbs
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| Centrioles | pairs of cylinders sitting at right angles; get rid of bacteria in the cell
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| Nucleus | in the center of cell, controls activities of the cell
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| Nucleoplasm | cytoplasm of the nucleus
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| Chromatin | fibers in the cell that condense to make chromosomes
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| Chromosomes | condensed chromatin, rod like chromatin contains DNA
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| Nucleolus | in the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled and stores
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| Microtubules | hollow tubes that form the apparatus and the cilia and flagella
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| Microvilli | structures of epithelial cells made of projections of cytoplasm
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| Cilia | moves constantly to move a liquid in one direction over the surface of the cell
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| Flagella | hair like projections that grow from the surface of the cell to provide the cell with movement
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| Physical Process | movement of ions through a membrane in a downhill gradient
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| Gradient | degree of difference between two divided area of concentration
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| Diffusion | scattering of particles
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| Osmosis | diffusion of water through the
membrane
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| Net Diffusion | occurs from a high concentration area to a lower concentrated area
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| Isonic Solution | solution that has the same osmotic pressure as the fluid inside the cell
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| Hypotonic Solution | solutions with a lower osmotic pressure than the fluid in the cell
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| Hypertonic Solution | solution that has a higher osmotic pressure and when a cell is placed in it water will leave the cell
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| Filtration | net movement of fluid through a membrane
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| Filtration Pressure | force of fluid pushing against a surface
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| Dialysis | separation of solutions by their ability to pass through a semi-permeable membrane
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| Facilitated Diffusion | molecules can move very rapidly from a highly concentrated are to a low concentrated area with the help of carrier molecules
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| Active Transport | movement of molecules and ions against a concentration gradient and needs energy from ATP
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| Catabolic Reactions | large molecules are broken down into smaller ones with the releases of energy
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| Anabolic Reactions | small molecules are untied to form larger ones and consume energy; some energy becomes heat
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| Metabolism | "protein cycle" food used to maintain/produce protoplasm
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| Step 1: Metabolism | Absorption: organic substances pass into the cells of the body
diffusion of materials throught the plasma membrane
plasma membrane makes an indentation that sucks in large molecules (pinocytosis)
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| Step 2: Metabolism | Cellular Respiration, chemical bonds are severed and amounts of energy released
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| Step 3: Metabolism | utilizing energy in a living cell involves a universal intracellular carrier of chemical energy
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| Catalyst | an agent that affects the speed of a chemical reaction without being permanently changed
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| Coenzymes | enzyme activators
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| DNA | double helix
five carbon sugar
7 phosphate groups
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| RNA | ribosome
uracil no thymine
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| Anticodon | a sequence of three bases
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| Assimilation | process where the cell digests food to make protoplasm
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| Mitosis | process of cell division
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| Interphase | the cell has not started dividing
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| Prophase | the chromatin condenses
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| Chromatid | two daughter chromosomes that are joined at a single point
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| Metaphase | the chromatids seperate
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| Anaphase | the chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell
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| Telephase | the nuclei
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| Cytokinesis | the cell division is complete and the membrane forms
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