Word List
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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absorption | the passage of simple nutrients into the bloodstream
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achlorhydric | absence of hydrochloric acid in the stomach
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aerophagia | swallowing air
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anal sphincter | the constricting muscle at the anus which relaxes to allow passage of stool
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anorectal | pertaining to both the anus and the rectum
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anus | the outlet of the rectum
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ascending colon | first portion of the colon, extending from the cecum to the lower border of the liver
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buccal | pertaining to the cheek
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bulimia | an eating disorder characterized by binge eating, purging, and vigorous exercise
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cecum | first 2-3" of the large intestine
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celiac | pertaining to the abdomen
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cheiloplasty | surgical repair of the lip
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cholangioma | tumour of the bile duct or vessel
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cholecystogram | radiographic record of the gallbladder
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cholelith | a gallstone
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choledocholithotomy | removal of a gallstone through an incision of the bile duct
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colon | also called the large intestine; it is divided into four portions and is responsible for absorption and elimination
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descending colon | third continuation of the colon which joins and forms the sigmoid colon
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diarrhea | the passage of unformed watery bowel movements
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digestion | the process by which food is broken down, mechanically and chemically in the GI tract and converted into an absorbable form that can be used by the body
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diverticulitis | inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop int he wall of the large intestine
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duodenum | uppermost division of the small intestine; receives secretions to aid in digestion
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elimination | to pass urine from the bladder or stool from the bowel
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enema | the introduction of liquid into the rectum for cleansing the bowel and for stimulating evacuation of the bowels
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enterostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine through the abdominal wall
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epiglottis | a flap of tissue covering the trachea, which prevents food and liquids from entering the airway
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esophagojejunostomy | anastomosis of the esophagus and jejunum
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esophagus | a muscular canal which extends from the pharynx to the stomach
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gallbladder | an organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine
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gastritis | inflammation of the stomach
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gastrointestinal system | provides the body with nutrients, electrolytes and water by ingestion, digestion, elimination and absorption
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hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver
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hernia | abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structures that normally contain it
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ingest | to eat
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ileostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall
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ileum | lower division of the small intestine
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jejunorrhaphy | surgical repair of the jejunum
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jejunum | second division of the small intestine
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laryngopharynx | the lower portion of the pharynx which divides into the trachea and esophagus
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lingual | pertaining to the tongue
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liver | the largest glandular organ which functions include: producing bile, removing glucose from the blood, and storing vitamins
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liver scan | radiographic visualization of the liver after injection of a radioactive substance
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mastication | chewing - the first stage of digestion
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nasopharynx | the portion of the throat above the soft palate and behind the nose
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occult blood | a test in which stool samples are collected to determine gastrointestinal bleeding
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oropharynx | the central part of the throat between the soft palate and epiglottis
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pancreas | an organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion
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pharynx | passageway for air from the nose to the larynx and for food from the mouth to the esophagus
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proctoplasty | surgical repair or reconstruction of the rectum or colon
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proctologist | one who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus
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rectum | last portion of the GI tract which terminates at the anus
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sialolithiasis | presence of a stone in the salivary gland
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sigmoid colon | a flexure of the colon which joins the descending colon and the rectum
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small intestine | a continuation of the GI tract responsible for absorption. Consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
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stomach | a sac-like structure in the abdominal cavity, responsible for digestion of food
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stoma | an artificial opening, in this case, one from the bowel through the abdominal wall
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stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth of the stomach
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trachea | cartilaginous tube which extends from the larynx to the bronchial tubes
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transverse colon | second portion of the colon that passes horizontally across the abdomen toward the spleen
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ulcer | a lesion of the skin or mucous membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach
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ulcerative colitis | inflammation and ulceration of the innermost lining of the colon
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