Chemistry NPN Compound and Palsma Protein WS MA Fall 2014
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| What are the NPN compounds? | urea, creatinine, uric acid, ammonia, creatine, amino acids
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| What are most NPN compounds? | Waste products that require cood kidney function
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| Do NPN compounds contain nitrogen? | Yes
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| Are NPN compounds proteins? | NO
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| Which NPN compounds are waste products? | urea, creatinine, uric acid, ammonia
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| Which NPN compounds are building blocks? | creatine, amino acids
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| What is urea the breakdown of? | protein
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| Where is urea formed and from what? | Formed in the liver, from ammonia
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| What does BUN stand for? | Blood, Urea, Nitrogen
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| What is the BUN test really for? | Urea, a kidney function test
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| What two things affect serum BUN? | protein in diet and catabolism; urine volume
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| What causes increased BUN? | There are Pre-renal, Renal and Post renal causes
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| What is a pre-renal cause of increased BUN? | dehydration- vomiting and diarrhea; cardiac insufficiency
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| What is a renal cause of increased BUN? | kidney disease - any type
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| What is a post renal cause of increased BUN? | urinary tract obstruction; kidney stones, enlarged prostate
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| What is azotemia? | increased NPNs in blood
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| What is the function of creatine and phosphocreatine? | high energy storage in the brain and muscle
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| What does creatine and phosphocreatine break down into? | creatinine
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| Where does creatine and phosphocreatine break down? | occurrs in the muscle
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| When is serum creatinine increased? | kidney disease; muscle destruction (severe or strenuous exercise)
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| What are two tests to assess kidney function? | BUN; Creatinine
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| What is uric acid the breakdown product of? | Nucleic acid ( also called prurines)
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| What are prurines (nucleic acids)? | Building blocks of DNA
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| Where is uric acid formed? | The liver
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| Which foods are high in prurines? | High protein foods (liver)
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| When is uric acid increased in the serum? | Gout
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| What is gout? | Uric acid crystals deposit in the joints
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| Where is ammonia made? | Made by bacteria in intestine
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| Failure of which organ would cause increased serum ammonia? | The liver
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| what are amino acids? | Building blocks of protein
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| what are the different plasma proteins? | Albumin, fibrinogen, alpha globulins, beta globulins, gamma globulins
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| Where are albumin, fibrinogen, alpha globulins and beta globulins made? | Made in the liver
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| Where are gamma globulins made? | in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system- lymph, spleen, bone marrow
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| What is an important functon of proteins? | transport of non soluble items such as metal ions, hormones and lipids
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| What is the function of albumin? | maintains normal blood volume
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| What is the function of fibrinogen? | maintains clotting of blood
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| What is the function of gamma globulins? | antibodies
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| What does TSP stand for? | Total serum protein
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| What does TSP measure? | sum of all albumin and all globulins
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| What causes increased TSP? | multiple myeloma, dehydration
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| What causes decreased TSP? | nephrotic syndrome/ kidney disease; liver disease- production of protein is decreased
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| What does A/G ratio stand for? | albumin divided by globulin
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| What is a normal A/G ratio result? | 1.0 - 2.5
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| In which diseases is the A/G ratio decreased? | liver disease, kidney disease
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| What is electrophoresis? | used to seperate proteins into specific fractions by the movement of electrically charged particles in an electric field
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| What does NPN stand for? | Non protein nitrogen containing compounds
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