Blood & Heart
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| Plasma | A clear, extracellular matrix.
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| Plasma | Accounts for 55% of blood.
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| Formed Elements | Includes erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.
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| Formed Elements | Make up 45% of blood
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| Water | The main component of water.
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| Albumin | The main protein of plasma
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| Serum | Plasma without the clotting proteins.
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| Buffy Coat | Narrow buff colored band just underneath the plasma.
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| Buffy Coat | 1% of less of blood volume.
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| Hematocrit | The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood.
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| Viscosity | The thickness of stickiness of blood.
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| Hemopoiesis | The production of blood.
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| Hemoglobin | A red pigment that gives blood its color.
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| Globins | Ribbon like protein chains.
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| Heme | Iron containing molecule.
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| RBCs | Shaped like a disc with a sunken in center.
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| Hematocrit | Female 37%-48%
Male 45%-52%
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| Hemoglobin | Female 12-16 g/dl
Male 13%-18 g/dl
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| RBC Count | Female 4.2-5.4 million/mm^3
Male 4.6-6.2 million/mm^3
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| Sickle Cell Disease | When RBCs shape become distorted.
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| Erythropoiesis | Process of producing new RBCs.
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| Hemolysis | When the destruction of RBCs becomes excessive.
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| Polycythemia | When the rate att which new RBCs are being created exceeds the rate at which the old ones are being destroyed.
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| Anemia | A deficiency of RBCs or hemoglobin.
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| Pernicious Anemia | Lack of vitamin B12.
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| WBCs | Fewest of the formed elements.
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| WBSs | Body's line of defense against invasion by infectious pathogens.
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| Granulocytes | Those having obvious granules.
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| Agranulocytes | Those having few or no granules.
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| Neutrophils | Highly mobile, they quickly migrate out of blood vessels and into tissue spaces, where they engulf and digest foreign materials.
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| Eosinophils | Involves in allergic reactions; they also kill parasites.
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| Basophils | Secrete heparin, which prevents clotting in the infected are so WBCs can enter; they alson secrete histamine, a substance that causes blood vessels to leak, which attracts WBCs.
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| Lymphocytes | Responsible for long term immunity.
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| T Lymphocytes | Directly attack an infected or cancerous cell.
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| B Lymphocutes | Produce antibodies against certain antigens.
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| Monocytes | Highly phagocytic and can engulf large bacteria and the viral infected cells.
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| Leukopenia | Abnormally low WBC count.
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| Leukocytosis | Elevated WBC count.
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| Platelets | Second most abundant of all the formed elements.
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| Platelets | Play a role in stopping bleeding.
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| Coagulation | Blood clotting
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| Blood Type A | 40% of America has this blood type
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| Blood Type B | 11% of America has this blood type.
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| Blood Type AB | 4% of America has this blood type.
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| Blood Type O | 45% of America has this blood type.
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| Base | Where the great vessels enter and leave the heart.
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| Apex | The point of maximum impulse, where the strongest beat can be felt or heard.
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| Mediastinum | A space between the lungs and beneath the sternum.
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| Pericardium | A double walled sac that surrounds the heart.
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| Fibrous pericardium | A loose fitting sac of strong connective tissue-is the outermost layer.
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| Serous Pericardium | Covers the heart's surface.
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| Parietal Layer | Lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium
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| Visceral Layer | Covers the heart's surface.
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| Pericardial Cavity | Contains a small amount of serous fluid, which helps prevent friction as the heart beats.
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| Endocardium | Lines the heart's chambers, covers the valves, and continues into the vessels.
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| Myocardium | Composed of cardiac muscle, forms the middle layer. It's the thickest of the three layers and performs the work of the heart.
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| Epicardium | Covers the heart's surface.
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| Interatrial septum | Wall of myocardium that seperates the right and left atria.
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| Interventricular Septum | Seperates the right and left ventricles.
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| Atria | Upper 2 chambers.
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| Ventricles | Lower 2 cambers.
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| AV Valves | Regulate flow between the atria and the ventricles.
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| Right AV Valve | (tricuspid) Prevents backflow from the right ventricle to the right atria.
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| Left AV Valve | (bicuspid or mitral) Prevents backflow from the left ventricle to the left atria.
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| Semilunar Valves | Regulate flow between the ventricles and the great arteries.
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| Pulmonary Valve | Prevents backflow from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle
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| Aortic Valve | Prevents backflow from the aorta to the left ventricle.
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| Valvular Disease | A heart valve that fails to prevent the backflow of blood during contraction.
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| Coronary Arteries | Deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium, while cardiac veins collect deoxygenated blood.
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| Right Coronary Artery | Supplies blood to the right atrium, part of the left atrium, most of the right ventricle, and the inferior part of the left ventricle.
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| Left Coronary Artery | Branches into the anterior descending and circumflex arteries, supplies blood to the left atrium, most of the left ventricle, and most of the interventricular septum.
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| Myocardial Infarction | Heart attack
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| Coronary Sinus | Large transverse vein on the heart's posterior, which returns the blood to the right atrium.
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| ECG | Rcords the electrical activity or impulses of the heart.
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| Normal Sinus Rhythm | An ECG that appears normal.
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| Arrhythmia | Irregular heartbeat.
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| P Wave | represents atrial depolarization: the transmission of electrical impulses from the SA node through the atria.
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| PR Interval | Represents the time it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the atria to the ventricles.
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| QRS Complex | Represents ventricular depolarization: the spread of electrical impulses throughout the ventricles.
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| ST Segment | Represents the end of ventricular depolarization and the beginning of ventricular repolarization.
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| T Wave | Represents ventricular repolarization.
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| Arrhythmias | Result when part of the conduction pathway is injured or when a part of the myocardium other than te SA node generates a beat.
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| Systole | Contraction.
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| Diastole | Relaxation.
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| Cardiac Output | The amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute.
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| Heart Rate | The number of times the heart beats in 1 minute.
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| Stroke Volume | The amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat.
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| Bradycardia | Pulse rate slower than 60 bpm
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| Tachycardia | Pulse rate greater than 100 bpm.
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| Congestive Heart Failure | Results when either ventricle fails to pump blood effectively.
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