Heart
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| The Heart is a muscle that functions in pumping ______ through______ of the cardiovascular system | Blood, vessels
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| The heart is composed ______ muscle, ______ in type. | Striated, Cardiac
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| How many internal cavities are there in the heart and what are they called ? | 4 Chambers, 2 Atria & 2 Ventricles
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| The atria and the ventricles are differentiated by By side of the body such as ? | Right and left Atrium, Left and right Ventricle
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| The heart is positioned in such a way that the atria lie _______ (NOT SUPERIOR) to the ventricles. | Posterior
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| When blood passing from the Atria to the Ventricles , moves _______ rather than _______. | Horizontally, Vertically
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| The heart is located in the _____ between the _____, resting on the ______ | Thorax, Lungs, Diaphragm
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| Structure that protects the heart ANTERIORLY | Sternum
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| Structure that protects the heart LATERALLY | Ribs, Intercostal muscles, Lungs
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| Structure that protects the heart POSTERIORLY | Thoracic vertebrae
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| PROTECTS HEART: The heart is enclosed in a tough connective tissue sac called the ? | Pericardium
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| The outer layer of the pericardium blends with the central tendon of the______ inferiorly | diaphragm
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| PERICARDIUM : _______ and ______, the fibrous layer blends with the major vessels of the heart, ______, ____ ___, &_______ ______ | Superiorly, Posteriorly, superior vena cava, Aorta, Pulmonary Trunk
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| The cardiac muscle itself is reffered to as ? | Myocardium
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| The inner EPITHELIAL lining of the chambers of the heart is referred to as ? | Endocardium
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| EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF HEART: the heart is described as having and ___, a _____, and 3 ____ | apex, base, surfaces
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| The 3 surfaces of the heart | Sternocostal , Diaphragmatic , Pulmonary
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| Surface that lies adjacent to the sternum and costal cartilages | Sternocostal
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| Surface that lies adjacent to the diaphragm | Diaphragmatic
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| Surface that lies adjacent to the medial surface of the left and right lung | Pulmonary
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| A rounded projection of the heart that points inferiorly and to the left | Apex
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| generally the area where the great vessels attach to the heart , and these vessels are ? | BASE, (aorta, pulmonary trunk,SVC)
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| Both right and left atria have EAR-Like appendages attached to the lateral surface of the atria's. | Auricles
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| Clinically, the term auricle is also referred to as the ? | Appendage
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| RA: a vertical muscular ridge is seen on the posterior wall of the right atrium is called ? | Crista Terminalis
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| in the right atrium From the crista terminalis are muscular ridge-like extensions called ______ and also called _____ | Musculi Pectinati , Pectinate Muscles
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| In the right atrium Musculi Pectinati are found in the right____ and in the right and left _____. | atrium, auricle
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| How many major venous openings into the right atrium ? | 3
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| What are the 3 major venous openings called in the right atrium ? | Superior Vena Caval , Inferior Vena Caval , Opening of the coronary Sinus
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| The main vein returning blood to the heart(RA) from the UPPER half of the body | Superior Vena Cava
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| The main vein returning blood to the heart (RA) from the LOWER half of the body | Inferior Vena Cava
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| Venous chamber located on the posterior surface of the heart | Coronary Sinus
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| The coronary sinus recieves the cardiac veins that _____ the heart itself | Drain
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| The coronary sinus opens into the (RA) just _____ and _____ to the inferior vena cava. | anterior , superior
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| The partition between the right atrium and the left atrium | Interatrial septum
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| on the Interatrial septum in the RA lies an oval depression called the ? | Fossa Ovalis
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| Fossa ovalis is a remnant of a ______ that in the fetal stage of development existed between the RA & LA | Foramen
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| opening that closes at birth and remains in the adult as a fossa ovalis | Foramen Ovale
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| Anteriorly the right atrium opens into the right ventricle .. via the right ___________ opening | atrioventricular
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| Tricuspid Valve is also called | Right atrioventricular valve
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| The Right atrioventricular opening is guarded by the _________ ( RAV) | Tricuspid
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| a mechanical device that will allow for flow of blood in 1 direction only preventing retrograde flow (flow in the wrong direction) | Valve
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| 2 types of valves in the heart | Atrioventricular Valves , Semilunar Valves
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| An atrioventricular valve is composed of 3 parts ? | Cusps, Chordae Tendineae, Papillary muscle
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| flaps of connective tissue | cusps
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| connective tissue cords that attatch to the lower surface of the cusps located in the right and left ventricles | Chordae Tendineae
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| Internal folds of ventricular muscle that give attachment to the chordae tendineae | Papillary Muscles
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| The tricuspid valve functions in ? | closing during contraction of the right ventricle
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| When the tricuspid valve is closed , it will prevent _____ of blood from the RV to the RA | back flow
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| The tricuspid valve is held in a closed position via _____ _____ that are attached to the lower surface of the cusps , and are not ______ into the atrium | chordae tendineae, Everted (inside/outward)
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| RV: the internal surface of the ventricle consists of irregular ridge like projections of muscle called ? | Trabeculae Carneae
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| ______ muscles are a type of Trabeculae Carneae | Papillary
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| A band of muscle in the chamber (RV) is called the ? also called ? | Moderator Band, Septomarginal Trabecula
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| The Moderator band (septomarginal trabecula) contains important fibers of the _________ system of the heart. | Conduction
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| how many openings are there in the RV and what are they ? | 2 , Right atrioventricular opening( guarded by TV) , Pulmonary trunk opening
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| Blood will_____ the RV and _____ the pulmonary trunk by passing though the pulmonary trunk opening. | Leave, Enter
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| the pulmonary trunk opening is guarded by a valve called the ? | Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
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| a (pulmonary or Aortic) semilunar valve, unlike the atrioventricular valves does NOT possess ______ muscles & _________ | papillary, chordae tendineae
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| the pulmonary semilunar valve exists merely as a ______-_____ flaps surrounding an opening | pocket-like
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| For each semi-lunar valve there are how many cusps or flaps ? | 3
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| PSV: the free edge of each cusp has a small central thickening of fibrous tissue , called the _______ | nodule
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| the nodule fills a small gap left at _______ of the 3 flaps. | closure
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| Between the cusps(flaps) of the PSV and the wall of the pulmonary trunk, there are ? | 3 sinuses
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| When the flow of blood is from the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk the PSV ______. If the flow is RETROGRADE it _______. | opens, closes
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| Pulmonary Circulation: blood will flow though the pulmonary trunk into the right and left pulmonary ______, to the Right and left ______. | arteries, lungs
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| Pulmonary Circulation: in the lungs, blood will RELEASE ____ and RECEIVE ____ | CO2, O2
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| Pulmonary Circulation:Oxygenated blood will return to the heart via 4 ________ _______. 2 from the _____ ____ and 2 from the ____ _____ | Pulmonary Veins, Right Lung, Left Lung
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| Pulmonary Circulation: All 4 of the pulmonary veins will enter the ___ ____. | Left Atrium
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| The left atrium has its musculi pectinati located within the left ______ ONLY | Auricle
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| The main part of the left atrium is taken up by the __#__ separate openings of the pulmonary_____. 2 on the right & 2 on left | 4, veins
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| THE ONLY other opening at the left atrium is the ? | LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR OPENING
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| The Bicuspid valve is also called the ? | Left Atrioventricular valve, Mitral valve
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| Because the Bicuspid valve is an atrioventricular valve it contains what ? | Chordae tendineae and Papillary muscles
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| how many cusps in the in the bicuspid valve | 2
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| In the Mitral valve (bicuspid) the supporting papillary muscles connect to the ____. | cusps
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| blood will flow Through the Bicuspid valve from the _____ _____ into the _____ _____ | Left Atrium , Left ventricle
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| the LV contains muscular ridge like folds called | TRABECULAE CARNEAE
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| ____ _____ of the bicuspid valve are a type of TRABECULAE CARNEAE | Papillary muscles
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| One major difference between the RV and the LV is the _____ of the wall itself. | Thickness
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| The wall of the LV is usually more than ____ as ____ as that of the right. | twice , thick
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| The RV is thinner than the LV because must pump blood to how many organ(s) and which organ(s) | ONLY 1 organ , the lungs
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| The LV is thicker than the RV because it must pump blood to _____, and thus preforms ____ work, and is _____ in size. | every other organs (xcept lungs), More, Larger
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| How many openings in the LV | 2
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| What are the only openings in the LV | Left atrioventricular opening , Opening of the Aorta
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| When the LV contracts, blood will leave and ____ the ____ | enter, Aorta
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| The opening of the Aorta is guarded by what valve ? | Aortic Semi Lunar Valve
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| The ASV has how many cusps | 3
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| In the ASV where are the cusps located ? | at the opening of the aorta
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| The cusps of the ASV contain ___ and ___ as did the PSV | Nodules , Lunulae
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| ASV: the spaces between cusps and the wall of the aorta are termed ___ ___ and differ from the pulmonary sinuses in that the right aortic sinus and the left aortic sinus are the sites of origin of the R + L ______ sinuses | aortic sinuses, coronary
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| Blood will leave the LV and enter the_____ and then pass to all parts of the ___ | aorta , body
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| EXTERNAL vessels supplying the heart: _______ arteries arise form the ascending aorta supply of the muscle of the heart itself (myocardium) | Coronary
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| The ___ coronary arty courses on the right side of the heart and gives off the _____ artery | Right, Marginal
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| The left coronary artery gives courses off a ___ distance and gives off _#_ branches. | Short, 2
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| 2 branches of the Left Coronary artery | Left anterior descending artery (LAD), Circumflex
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| The Left anterior descending artery (LAD) is also known as | Anterior interventricular artery
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| the muscle of the heart ( Myocardium) is drained by ? | Cardiac veins
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