Chapter 6: Muscles
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contractility | The ability of skeletal muscles to shorten with force.
🗑
|
||||
| Excitability | The capacity of skeletal muscles to respond to a stimulus.
🗑
|
||||
| Extensibility | The ability to be stretched.
🗑
|
||||
| Elasticity | The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched.
🗑
|
||||
| What do muscles do? | They help produce heat essential for maintenance of normal body temperature.
🗑
|
||||
| Epimysium | Skeletal muscle that is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath.
🗑
|
||||
| Fascia | Another connective tissue located outside the epimysium.
🗑
|
||||
| Perimysium | Loose connective tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| Endomysium | Fiber that is surround by connective tissue.
🗑
|
||||
| myofibrils | A threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other.
🗑
|
||||
| What are the two major types of protein fibers? | Actin and myosin myofilaments
🗑
|
||||
| Actin Myofilaments | They are thin myofilaments: they resemble two minute strands of pearls twisted together.
🗑
|
||||
| Myosin Myofilaments | They are thick myofilaments: they resemble bundles of minute golf clubs.
🗑
|
||||
| Sacrcomeres | Highly ordered units that are joined end to end to form the myofibrils
🗑
|
||||
| Resting membrane potential | The change difference across the membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| Action potential | The brief reversal back of the charge
🗑
|
||||
| Motor Neurons | They are nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers.
🗑
|
||||
| Neuromuscular junction | Axons that enter the muscles and branch. Each branch that connects to the muscle.
🗑
|
||||
| Synapse | Near the center of the cell.
🗑
|
||||
| Motor unit | A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers its innervates.
🗑
|
||||
| Presynaptic terminal | The enlarged nerve terminal.
🗑
|
||||
| Synaptic cleft | The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell.
🗑
|
||||
| Postsynaptic terminal | Muscle fiber is a.
🗑
|
||||
| Synaptic vesicles | Presynaptic terminal.
🗑
|
||||
| Acetylcholine | Secrete neurotransmitter.
🗑
|
||||
| Acetylcholinesterase | The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell that is rapidly broken down by an enzymes.
🗑
|
||||
| Sliding filament mechanism | The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction.
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle twitch | Is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers.
🗑
|
||||
| Threshold | A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level.
🗑
|
||||
| All-or-none-response | This phenomenon is called.
🗑
|
||||
| Lag phase | The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction.
🗑
|
||||
| Contraction phase | The time of contraction.
🗑
|
||||
| Relaxation phase | The time during which the muscle relaxes.
🗑
|
||||
| Tetany | Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing.
🗑
|
||||
| Recruitment | The increase in number of motor units being activated.
🗑
|
||||
| Creatine phosphate | When at rest they can't stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule.
🗑
|
||||
| Anaerobic respiration | Without oxygen.
🗑
|
||||
| Aerobic respiration | With oxygen.
🗑
|
||||
| Oxygen debt | The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle fatigue | Results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells.
🗑
|
||||
| Isometric | Equal distance: holding a ball
🗑
|
||||
| Isotonic | Equal tension: throwing a ball
🗑
|
||||
| Muscle tone | Muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time.
🗑
|
||||
| Fast-twitch fibers | Contract quickly and fatigue quickly.
🗑
|
||||
| Slow-twitch fibers | Contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue.
🗑
|
||||
| Origin | Head: is the most stationary end of the muscles.
🗑
|
||||
| Insertion | Is then end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement.
🗑
|
||||
| Belly | The portion of the muscle between the orgin and intersection.
🗑
|
||||
| Synergists | Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements.
🗑
|
||||
| Antagonists | Muscles that work in opposition to one another.
🗑
|
||||
| Prime mover | Among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement.
🗑
|
||||
| How are muscles classified? | their location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function.
🗑
|
||||
| Occipitofrontalis | Raises eyebrows
🗑
|
||||
| Orbicularis Oculi | Closes eyelid: crow's feet
🗑
|
||||
| Orbicularis Oris | Puckers the lips
🗑
|
||||
| Buccinator | Flattens the cheeks: trumpeter's muscles
🗑
|
||||
| Zygomaticus | Smiling
🗑
|
||||
| Levator Labili Superioris | Sneering
🗑
|
||||
| Depressor Anguli Oris | Frowing
🗑
|
||||
| Mastication | Chewing: Masseter(1 Pairs), Temporalis(1 Pairs)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the kissing muscles? | Orbicularis Oris and Buccinator
🗑
|
||||
| Extrinstic Muscle | Moves the tongue
🗑
|
||||
| Intrinstic Muscle | Changes the shape of the tongue
🗑
|
||||
| Sternocleidomastoid | Prime mover lateral neck muscles. Rotates and abducts the head.
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the A Band extend to? | The length of the myosin.
🗑
|
||||
| What does the H Zone consist of? | Only myosin.
🗑
|
||||
| When does the muscle contract? | It occurs as the actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres the shorten.
🗑
|
||||
| Skeletal Muscles | Voluntary
🗑
|
||||
| Cardiac Muscles | Involuntary
🗑
|
||||
| Smooth Muscles | Involuntary
🗑
|
||||
| What are the functions of muscles? | Producing movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing joints, and generating heat.
🗑
|
||||
| Where do muscles attach? | At it's origin and insertion.
🗑
|
||||
| Some muscles have multiple origins or head? | True
🗑
|
||||
| Where is a neuromusclular junction formed at? | An enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indention of the muscle cell membrane.
🗑
|
||||
| Platysma | Creates a downward sag of the mouth.
🗑
|
||||
| Pectoralis Major | Adducts and flexes the arm.
🗑
|
||||
| Rectus Abdominis | Flexes vertebral column
🗑
|
||||
| External Oblique | Flexes and rotates vertebral column.
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
heather1012
Popular Anatomy sets