Chapter 6 - Muscles
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| Contractility | The ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force
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| Excitability | The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus
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| The ability to be stretched | Extensibility
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| The ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | Elasticity
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| Epimysium | Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle
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| Connective tissue located outside of the epimysium that surrounds and separates the muscles | Fascia
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| Numerous visible bundles of muscle fibers | Fasciculi
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| Loose connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculi | Perimysium
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| Muscle Cells | Muscle Fibers
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| Connective tissue sheath that surrounds each fiber | Endomysium
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| Mybrofils | Threadlike structures that extend from ne end of the fiber to the other
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| Thin myofilaments that resemble 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together | Actin Myofilaments
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| Thick myofilaments that resemble bundles of minute golf clubs | Myosin Myofilaments
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| The basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | Sarcomere
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| Attachment site for actin | Z Line
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| Light are on each side of the Z Line | I Band
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| The darker central region in each sarcomere | A Band
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| Light area in the center of each sarcomere | H Zone
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| Dark staining band in the center of the sarcomere | M Line
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| The charge difference across the membrane | Resting Membrane Potential
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| The brief reversal back of the charge | Action Potential
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor Neurons
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| Each axon branch that connects to the muscles | Neuromuscular Junction or Synapse
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| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | Motor Unit
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| The enlarged nerve terminal | Presynaptic Terminal
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| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | Synaptic Cleft
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| The muscle fiber | Postsynaptic Terminal
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| Vesicles that secrete acetylcholine | Synaptic Vesicles
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| Neurotransmitter that causes the muscle to contract | Acetylcholine
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| Enzyme that causes the muscle to relax | Acetylcholinesterase
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| The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction | Sliding Filament Mechanism
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| A contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers | Muscle Twitch
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| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | Lag Phase
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| The time of contraction | Contraction Phase
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| The time during which the muscle relaxes | Relaxation Phase
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| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany
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| The increase in number of motor units being activated | Recruitment
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| ATP | Adenosine Triphosphate
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| ATP is produced in the... | Mitochondria
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| ADP | Adenosine Diphosphate
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| Without oxygen | Anaerobic Respiration
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| With oxygen | Aerobic Respiration
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| The amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells | Oxygen Debt
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| Results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster that it can be produced in the muscle cells | Muscle Fatigue
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| 2 types of muscle contraction | Isometric and Isotonic
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| The length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process | Isometric
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| The amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes | Isotonic
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| Constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | Muscle Tone
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| Fibers that contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast-twitch Fibers
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| Fibers that contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | Slow-twitch Fibers
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| The most stationary end of the muscle | Origin
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| The end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion
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| The portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | Belly
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| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | Synergists
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| Muscles that work in opposition to one another | Antagonists
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| If one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | Prime Mover
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| Muscle that raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontalis
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| Muscle that closes the eyelids | Orbicularis Oculi
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| "Kissing Muscles" | Orbicularis Oris and Buccinator
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| Muscle that puckers the lips | Orbicularis Oris
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| Muscle that flattens the cheeks | Buccinator
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| Muscle responsible for smiling | Zygomaticus
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| Muscle responsible for sneering | Levator Labii Superioris
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| Muscle responsible for frowning | Depressor Anguli Oris
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| Another word for chewing | Mastication
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| 2 muscles responsible for chewing | Masseter and Temporalis
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| Muscle that moves the tongue | Extrinsic
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| Muscle that changes the shape of the tongue | Intrinsic
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| Prime mover lateral neck muscle | Sternocleidomastoid
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| Muscles help produce... | heat
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| Muscle Fiber | Is a single cylindrical cell
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| Highly ordered units | Sarcomeres
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| A neuromuscular junction is formed by... | An enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane
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| Acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to the postsynaptic terminal causing.. | A change in the postsynaptic cell
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| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus... | Until that stimulus reaches threshold
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