GI Tract Development
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| What are the 3 main branches of the celiac trunk? (Foregut) | Splenic Artery
Left Gastric Artery
Common Hepatic Artery
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| Splenic Artery | A -- Short gastric aa
B -- Left gastroomental aa
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| Common hepatic artery | 1 - Proper hepatic artery
2 - Gastroduodenal artery
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| Proper Hepatic | heads to liver
gives off right gastric artery
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| Gastroduodenal artery gives off | right gastroomental and pancreaticoduodenal artery
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| How are regions of the gut differentiated? | Based upon their blood supply
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| What are the 3 regions of the gut? | Foregut
Midgut
Hindgut
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| Midgut arterial supply | Superior mesenteric artery
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| 5 main branches of the superior mesenteric artery | Middle colic artery
Right colic artery
Ileocolic artery
Jejunal aa.
Ileal aa.
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| Foregut contains | Abdominal esophagus
stomach
proximal duodenum
liver
pancreas
gallbadder
spleen
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| Midgut contains | distal duodenum
jejunum
ileum
cecum
appendix
ascending colon
proximal 2/3 transverse colon
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| Hind gut contains | Distal 1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
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| Middle colic artery gives off | marginal artery
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| Ileocolic artery gives off | posterior cecal artery
appendicular artery
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| Ileal aa gives off | loops and arcades, vasa recta
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| Loops and arcades and vasa recta are important for | absorption
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| More loops and arcades in the __________ than the ____________. | Jujenum; ilium
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| Hindgut arterial supply | inferior mesenteric artery
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| Inferior mesentaric artery gives off | left colic artery
Sigmoid artery
superior rectal artery
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| Left colic artery gives off | marginal artery
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| Venous Drainage | Caval circulation
Portal circulation
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| Caval circulation | Drains structures associated with abdominal wall (kidneys, gonads, musculature).
Drains into the inferial vena cava
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| Caval circulation is made up of: | Single and Paired veins
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| Single Caval Veins | Medial Sacral Vein
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| Paired Caval Circulation | Inferior phrenic vein
Renal vein
Gonadal vein
Common Iliac vein
Lumbar vein
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| Portal circulation is made up of : | portal vein
Portocaval anastomoses
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| How many lumbar veins? | 2-4
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| Portal vein gives off | Superior mesenteric vein
splenic vein
left and right gastric vein
inferior mesentaric vein
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| Inferior mesentaric vein gives off | superior rectal vein
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| Beginning of gut formation | Week 4
Tube from the oropharynx to cloaca
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| The endoderm makes up the _____________, ____________, and ____________. | lines of gut tube
Pancreas
Liver
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| Splanchnic mesoderm makes up | muscular and connective tissue associated with the gut
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| Tissue that covers teh gut tube is called the | Peritoneum
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| A double later of the peritoneum that attaches to the gut tube to the body is called ________. | mesentery
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| _______ attaches gut tube to dorsal body wall | Dorsal Mesentary
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| ____________ attaches gut tube to the ventral body wall. | Ventral mesentary.
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| Attaches from tube to tube or tube to wall | Ligament
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| Most of teh GI tract is ___________ | Intraperitoneal
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| Intraperitoneal | surrounded by peritoneum
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| Retroperitoneal | only the anterior surface is covered by peritoneum
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| Are retroperitoneal organs mobile? | no
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| Forgut embryonology | 1. Anterior-posterior outgrowths
2. Stomach rotates 90 degrees
3. 1st part of duodenum
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| Anterior-posterior outgrowths | Dorsal -> greater curvature
Ventral -> lesser Curvature
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| Dorsal mesentery gives off | spleen and pancreas (corsal and ventral buds)
Greater omentum
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| When teh stomach rotates 90 degrees | Liver rotates to right hand side
Spleen rotates to the left side
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| ______________ forms the boundary of _____________ | Greater Omentum;Omental bursal
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| Omental bursa | hole
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| Lesser curvature is on the | right hand side3
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| lesser omentum has _____________ leading to the lesser sac | omental foramen (foramen of winslow)
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| 1st part of duodenum remains ___________ but the rest becomes ____________ | intraperitoneal
retroperioneal
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| Transition to the midgut is where the ________ enters into the duodenum | common bile duct
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| The liver and gall badder develop from _______ | the foregut as an outgrowth, the hepatic diverticulum
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| Pancreas develops from the | dorsal and ventral pancratic buds
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| The spleen develops withing | the dorsal mesogastrium
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| Forgut undergoes a ______ clockwise rotation | 90 degree
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| Most of the duodenum becomes | retroperitoneal
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| Midgut Embryology I | U-shaped tube extends out to teh umbilcal cord
U- tube rotates counterclockwise 90 degrees
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| Midgut Embroyology II | U-Tube begins to return to the abdominal cavity
Rotates another 180 degrees
duodenum becomes secondarily retroperitoneal
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| Problems that can occur with midgut formation | Malrotation (volvulus)
Omphalocele
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| Midgut embryology summary | midgut herniates out to umbilical cord
rotates a total of 270 degrees counterclockwise
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| Hindgut embryology summary | Next block
cloaca differentiates into teh UG and GI systems
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| Innervation of teh gut | Mostly autonomic (except esophagus)
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| Sympathetic Nerves | Greater, lesser, least, and lumbar splanchnic nerves
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| Parasympathethic nerves | Vagus nerve and Pelvic splanchnic nerve
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| Foregut Innervation sympathetics | greater splanchnic nerve synapses with the celiac ganglion following the celiac trunk and its division
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| Midgut Innervation Sympathetics | Lesser adn least Splanchnic Nerve synapsing with the superior mesentary and aortecosttal gaglia.They follow the superior associated arteries.
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| Foregut Innervation parasympathetics | Vagus nerve and the afferent sensory is T6-T12
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| Midgut Innervation parasympathetics | Vagus nerve and the afferents follow spinal cord levels
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| Hindgut innervation sympathetics | least splanchnic Nerve that synapses in the inferior mesentaric and hypogastric plexus that follows the blood supply.
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| Hindgut innervation of parasympathetics | Pelvic Splanchnic off of S2-S4. Afferent nerves run to T12-S4
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Created by:
tjamrose
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