Cells
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| Cytology | study of cells
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| Cell membrane | membrane that surround cell - holds cell together allows substances to cross or not - semipermeable
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| Lipid soluble substances | substances that move across cell membrane by dissolving in the lipid portion of the cell membrane - oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| Water soluble substances | cross cell membrane through pores
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| Drugs are classified as ______ soluble or _______ soluble. Drug ______ determines the drugs __________ through the body | Lipid-soluble; water-soluble; solubility; distribution
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| Nucleus of cell | control center
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| Mitochondria | ATP production; power plant of cell
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| Endoplasmic reticulum - rough | synthesizes protein
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| Golgi Apparatus | finishes and packages protein for export
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| 4 passive transport mechanisms that move substances across the cell membrane | diffusion; facilitated diffusion; osmosis; filtration
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| Diffusion | movement of substance from higher concentration to lower - tablet of red dye in water; skunk;
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| Transport mechanism that moves oxygen into blood and carbon dioxide out | diffusion - oxygen diffuses from alveolus in lung into blood; carbon dioxide from blood to lung
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| Facilitated diffusion | substance is helped across the membrane by a molecule within the membrane; transport of glucose
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| Osmosis | special case of diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane which allows the passage of some substances;
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| During osmosis water will move from area where concentration is higher (A) to lower (B) as a result | volume in A increases; concentrations in both changes
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| Edema | process of accumulation of water in tissue spaces via osmosis - swelling
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| Tonicity | ability of a solution to affect the volume and pressure within a cell
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| Tonicity - Isotonic solution | solution is same concentration as the cell; RBC in isotonic solution neither gains nor loses water; used for IV
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| Tonicity - Hypotonic Solution | water with no solute; moves water into cell by osmosis: from more water to less; causes RBC to burst = hemolysis
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| Tonicity - Hypertonic Solutions | RBC in salt water shrinks or crenates
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| Filtration | passive transport with pressure; syringe; movement across capillaries with blood pressure
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| Active Transport Pumps | requires energy (ATM)
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| Endocytosis | active transport mechanism that involves intake of food or liquid. particle too large to pass through membrane via diffusion; particle is surrounded by cell and engulfed
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| Phagocytosis | endocytosis that involves a solid particle - white blood cells phagocytose bacteria
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| Pinocytosis | ell ingests a water droplet
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| Exocytosis | moves substances out of cell - pancreas makes protein and expels it
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| CELL CYCLE |
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| Interphase - 3 phases | Gap phase G1-cell carries on normal activities; Phase S-cell duplicates chromosomes; Second Gap phase G2-synthesizes enzyme and other proteins needed for mitotic phase-M phase
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| Mitosis | M phase - cell divides into 2 identical cells
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| Stages of Mitosis | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase (Play Me A Tune)
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| Cancer drugs are often described by the_____ they attack | cell cycle stage
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| Characteristics of cancer cells are _____ and _____ | they can't stop dividing and they are poorly differentiated
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| Stem Cells | relatively undifferentiated cells whose function is to produce more unspecialized cells; when divides one becomes specialized and one prepares to make more stem cells
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| Apoptosis | cell death or suicide; body rids old, unnecessary or unhealthy cells; produces a million cells per second
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| CELL PARTS |
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| PASSIVE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS |
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| ACTIVE TRANSPORT MECHANISMS |
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| CELL CYCLE |
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Created by:
catchris
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