muscles
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| what are the three ways to trace muscles for homologies? | nervous innervation,embryology,attachment similarity to bone,function
🗑
|
||||
| nerve innervation | nerve"travels"with muscle over time
🗑
|
||||
| embryology | looking at most basic form
🗑
|
||||
| attachment to similar bone | as bone shifts muscle goes with it
🗑
|
||||
| muscle function | move bone,source of heat via mitochondria,keeping internal organs functioning,muscles in abdominal region restrict a space,help fight gravity,electric generation in electric eels, adds another layer of protection
🗑
|
||||
| striated muscle | long and attach to bones with many muscle fibers.skeletal muscle.voluntary
🗑
|
||||
| smooth muscle | blood vessels/stomach.internal organs.involuntary
🗑
|
||||
| cardiac muscle | heart.anastemosis and intercalated disks
🗑
|
||||
| anastemosis | the cells arent perfectly linear;they branch
🗑
|
||||
| intercalated disks | helps heart muscles work on the same pace via gap junctions.
🗑
|
||||
| what are the 3 parts to sheaths? | they are on skeletal muscle.epimyseum,perimyseum,endomyseum.all 3 are continous on a muscle.
🗑
|
||||
| epimyseum | outer layer.wraps whole entire muscle.
🗑
|
||||
| perimyseum | middle layer.around fasicles, attach individual muscles.
🗑
|
||||
| endomyseum | goes around each individual muscle cell.
🗑
|
||||
| tendons | at the very bottom of the epimyseum,peromyseum,endomyseum.aponeurosis is a sheet like tendon.
🗑
|
||||
| muscle on a microscopic level | sarcomere(individual contracting bands).made of actin-myosin(allow contractions)
🗑
|
||||
| naming muscles | name for direction the fibers run(external obliques).size(vastus).location/position(vastus lateralus).#divisions(tricep).origin/insertion (xiphi humeralis).action(Levator palatoquadrati).shape(tsapezius)
🗑
|
||||
| origin | midline of body.proximal on limb.stable place that doesnt move a lot.need antagonistic pairs.
🗑
|
||||
| insertion | distal,moveable
🗑
|
||||
| proximal helps what? | speed
🗑
|
||||
| distal helps what? | strength
🗑
|
||||
| axial embryology | main trunk of body.divided into dorsal(epaxial)and ventral(hypaxial) on fish. these are from epimere
🗑
|
||||
| hypobranchial embryology | below gill.modified hypaxial muscle that moves forward(epimere)
🗑
|
||||
| appendicular embryology | appendages(epimere)
🗑
|
||||
| branchial embryology | gills(epimere)
🗑
|
||||
| extrinsic eye muscles embryology | move the eye(epimere)
🗑
|
||||
| cardiac embryology | heart. (hypomoere)
🗑
|
||||
| smooth embryology | arteries/veins.(hypomere of mesoderm
🗑
|
||||
| agnatha muscles | axial are well developed.no subdivision into epaxial,hypaxial.segmentation(primitive trait).no appendicular.hypobranchials,branchials are poorly devveloped.mouth muscles are specialized
🗑
|
||||
| jawed fish muscles | epaxial/hypaxial divisions(divided by lateral line) are segmented head to tail into myomeres.hypobranchial-pectoral girdle,branchial arches,jaw.appendicular-dorsal are abductors,ventral are adductors.
🗑
|
||||
| evolutionary trends | axial muscles are less prominent.loss of segmentation of axials.remaining axial muscles more closely related to vert column.appendicular muscles larger,more diverse.branchial muscles repurposed.
🗑
|
||||
| amphibians axial muscles | epaxial are segmented,unspecialized;dorsalis trunci
🗑
|
||||
| amphibians hypaxial muscles | better developed,three groups:subvertebral(small,ventral flextion),rectus abdominis,lateral group(external oblique,interal oblique,transverse abdominal)
🗑
|
||||
|
🗑
|
|||||
|
🗑
|
|||||
| new muscles found in amphibians | appendicular:pelvic is small,pectoral is more coomplex and larger,connection to head is gone therefore more space for muscle connection and moving head.
🗑
|
||||
| reptile and mammal epaxial | from lateral to medial.Iliocostalis(ribs),longissimusdorsi(erect or spinae),transversospinalis(multifidi)
🗑
|
||||
| reptile and mammal hypaxial | subvertebral(reduced),rectus abdominus(doesnt insert on pectoral girdle),lateral group(abdominal(same),chest;ribs(new)
🗑
|
||||
| tetrapod appendicular | source of appendicular muscles is branchial(trapezium from cucullaris) and axial(serratus anterior)
🗑
|
||||
| from fish appendicular has what parts? | dorsal mass,ventral mass, remember rotation of elbows and knees,for greater subdivision of tetrapods vs. fish muscles
🗑
|
||||
| dorsal mass | latissimus dorsi,triceps(forelimb).sartorius,quads,vastus, gluteus(hindlimb).
🗑
|
||||
| ventral mass | pectoralis,biceps(forelimb).adductor femoris,hamstrings,biceps femoris,gracilis(hind)
🗑
|
||||
| Branchial | tetrapod derivatives.jaw muscles,1+2 are pharyngeal arches.ear muscles.shoulder,head ex:trapezius.larynx,throat muscles
🗑
|
||||
| cutaneous muscles | under skin.rare in reptiles,most common in mammals,platysma of neck
🗑
|
||||
| platysma of neck | diversities into facial muscles,move lips,ears.chewing communication.expressions
🗑
|
||||
| specializations in flight | supracoracoideus muscle and pectoralis muscle.the muscles are set up like a pully for a easy up stroke and powerful downstroke
🗑
|
||||
| supracoracoideus | small muscle dorsal
🗑
|
||||
| pectoralis | huge,originates on keel of sternum for powerful downstroke
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ejohnson17
Popular Anatomy sets