cranial skeleton
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| chondrocranium | always present,cartilage or bony(depends on vert)(early=more cartilage).primitive braincase,sense capsules.ex;occipital and ethmoid.protects brain*shark is atypical=totally cartilage
🗑
|
||||
| embryology of chondrocranium | notochord(landmark),occipital arch,parachordal cartilage,trabeculae,sense capsules(otic,optic,olfactory).chondrocranium= neurocranium
🗑
|
||||
| which verts retain non-ossified chondrochranium? | agnathans,early placoderms,chondrichthyes.all others have some degree of ossification(bony fish(portions)and mammals(entirely)).Cartilage->bony
🗑
|
||||
| slpanchnocranium | always present,cartilage or bone,embryology:primitive pharyngeal arches.ex;gills,jaw,jaw support,ear ossicles,larynx.
🗑
|
||||
| early slanchnocranium | pharyngeal bars are generalized for feeding and gas exchange
🗑
|
||||
| tetrapod splanchnocranium | gills no longer for gas exchange.remodel skeleton and muscles.ex;tongue support and vocal apparatus
🗑
|
||||
| gill slits of early verts | up to 15 slits
🗑
|
||||
| gills slits of jaw verts | 5 or 6 slits
🗑
|
||||
| splanchnocranium consists of what arches? | branchial arch3 through 7.
🗑
|
||||
| what are the 5 basic arches that support gills? | pharynobranchial,epibranchial,ceratobranchial, hypobranchial,basilbranchial
🗑
|
||||
| arch 1 | mandibular arch.with 2 components;palatoquadrate(upper jaw) and mandibular cartilage(meckel's)(lower jaw)
🗑
|
||||
| arch 2 | hyoid arch,basic elements(dorsal to ventral)are hyomandibula,ceratohyal,basihyal.hyoamndibula only part incorporated into skull as jaw support,ceratohyal for tongue support.
🗑
|
||||
| hyostylic | support by hypmandibula(arch2) only sharks
🗑
|
||||
| amphistylic | support by hyomandibula and direct connection to brain case via ligament to orbital process.sharks and bony fish
🗑
|
||||
| autostylic | no support by hyomandibula,only a direct connection to skull placoderms;modern tetrapods
🗑
|
||||
| formation of hyoid arch | not associated with formation of jaws.placoderms had jaw,but arch 2 remained branchial
🗑
|
||||
| dermatocranium | solid plates covering the chondrocranium and brain.early fish have heavy dermal armor(trend toward reductors),major reduction in dermal roofing bones in mammals.cyclostomes(living agnathans) and chondricthyes lack dermatocranium.
🗑
|
||||
| agnatha-ostracoderms | chondrocranium of cartilage,dermatocranium(shell/skin), splanchnocranium-all arches are branchial
🗑
|
||||
| agnatha-cyclostomes | chondrocranium of cartilage,no dermatocranium,splanchnocranium where all arches are branchial
🗑
|
||||
| placoderm skulls | chondrocranium-cartilaginous,becoming partly ossifies.dermatocranium-heavy dermal armor,large plates.splanchnocranium:arch1-jaws are autostylic.arch 2-7 are branchial
🗑
|
||||
| chondroichthyes skulls | chondrocranium-cartilaginous(specialized).dermatocranium- lost(no dermal bone).splanchnocranium:arch1(jaws),arch2(jaw support no longer branchial,hypostylic or amphistylic),arch3-7 are branchial
🗑
|
||||
| osteichthyes skulls | chondrocranium-well ossified.dermatocranium-dermal bone covers cartilage;locks in skull attachment to pectoral girdle.splanchnocranium:arch 1 jaws are hinged between quadrate/articular.arch2jaw support is parallelshark evolution(hyo/amphi).3-7branchial
🗑
|
||||
| amphibians skulls | has chondrocranium.dermatocranium w/loss of operculum/reduction of bones.splanchnocranium:arch1 jaw hinge quadrate/articular and only autostylic.arch2 hyomandibula=columella,rest of arch is hyoid for tongue support.3-7 renovated for larynx
🗑
|
||||
| reptile and bird skulls | has chondrocranium.dermatocranium has three options(anapsid,diapsid,synapsid). splanchnocranium(similar to amphibians)-arch 1jaw hinge with(quadrate/articular)autostylic.arch2- hyomandibula=columella rest is hyoid.arch3-7 modified for larynx
🗑
|
||||
| anapsid | no temporal fenestra.turtles
🗑
|
||||
| diapsid | 2 temporal fenestra.lizards,snakes,birds,crocodiles
🗑
|
||||
| synapsid | 1 temporal fenestra.mammal like reptiles
🗑
|
||||
| secondary palate | pleycosaurs vs.mammals.breathing while eating is important for endotherms because they need to maintain homeostasis therefore need more o2. turtles are in between where it has a partial one.
🗑
|
||||
| mammal skulls | chondrocranium is present(heptmoid,occipital bone).dermatocranium w/large temporal fenestra,weight reduction.secondary palate complete-so can breath while eating.
🗑
|
||||
| mammal splanchnocranium | arch1-jaw,hinge is temporal(squamosal)/dentary.quadrate=incus. articular=malleus.arch2-columella is now stapes.rest of arch2 is hyoid.arch 3-7 are larynx and trachea.
🗑
|
||||
| mammal ear ossicles | distinguishing characteristic. incus-quadrate(arch1).malleus=articular(arch1).stapes-collumella(arch2-hyoid mandibula)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ejohnson17
Popular Anatomy sets