English Reformation
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| James I | Also known as James VI of Scotland, son of Mary Stuart, succeeded Elizabeth, a Scottish outsider, advocate of divine right of kings
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| Mary I (Tudor) | Catholic, eventually beheaded, married to Philip of Spain, foreign policy cost England Calais
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| Anne Boleyn | Second wife of Henry VIII, she was executed
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| Lord Darnley | Mary Queen of Scots legal husband allegedly assassinated by the Earl of Boswell (he was acquitted and married Mary)
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| Catherine of Aragon | Henry VIII’s first wife and daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella
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| Catherine Parr | sixth wife of Henry VIII, she supported the humanists and reformers; she actually survived
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| Henry VIII | king of England; he created and became the head of the Church of England when the pope would not annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and creating his own church
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| Puritans | The Puritans were an offset group of the Calvinists. Protestants working within the national church to “purify” it of every vestige of “property” and to make its Protestant doctrine more precise.
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| Philip II of Spain | king of Spain (duh) and husband of Isabella, he sent the Spanish Armada; the SA’s defeat set the stage for English dominance in the sea.
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| Act of Uniformity | revised the second version of the Book of Common Prayer
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| Act of Supremacy | Made Henry VIII head of English Church
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| Act of Succession | made Anne Boleyn’s children the legitimate heirs to the throne
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| Sir Francis Drake | privateer and allegedly (one of) Elizabeth’s lover (s)
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| Elizabeth I | Mary’s successor, daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn; created an Anglican church with no religious extremes; didn’t want an extremist church of doctrine
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| Anne of Cleves | Fourth wife of Henry VIII, she was divorced and her marriage annulled by the Parliament
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| Ten Articles of 1536 | it made concessions to the Protestants while maintaining Catholic doctrine; Henry forbid the English clergy from marrying
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| Jesuits | Society of Jesus, organized by Ignatius of Loyola in 1530s, stressed religious and moral self sacrifice
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| Edward VI | reigned after Henry (Henry’s son); he enacted the Protestant Reformation; repealed the Six Articles and laws against heresy; allowed clerical marriage
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| Thomas Cranmer | One of Henry VIII’s closest advisors, had Lutheran sympathies, wanted to declare king supreme in spiritual affairs
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| Six Articles of 1539 | it reaffirmed transubstantiation and denied the Eucharist to the laity; it reaffirmed celibacy and allowed private masses
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| impositions | new customs taxes developed by James I as a way to circumvent Parliament for money
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| Lady Jane Grey | appointed to succeed Edward VI as Queen but overthrown in favor of Mary I and executed
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| John Knox | started the Presbyterian Church in Scotland
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| Mary Stuart | (Mary Queen of Scots) Catholic; Queen of Scotland; had claim on English throne; overthrown in Scotland; executed by Elizabeth
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