Mechanics of Breathing
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| Baring pneumothorax, this pressure is always lower than atmospheric pressure(that is, is negative pressure) | Intrapleural pressure
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| Pressure of air outside the body | Atmospheric Pressure
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| As it decreases, air flows into the atmospheric pressure, of the lungs | Intrapulmonary Pressure
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| As it increases over atmospheric pressure, air flows out of the lungs | Intrapulmonary Pressure
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| If this pressure becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure, the lungs collapse | Intrapleural Pressure
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| Rises well over atmospheric pressure during a forceful cough | Intrapulmonary Pressure
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| Also known as the intra-alveolar pressure | Intrapulmonary Pressure
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| The change in lung volume with a given change in transpulmonary pressure | Lung compliance
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| Gas flow changes inversely with this factor | Respiratory passageway resistance
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| Essential for normal respiration | Lung elasticity
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| Leads to RDS when surfactant is absent | Alveolar surface tension forces
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| Diminished by age-related lung fibrosis and increasing rigidity of the thoracic cage | Lung compliance
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| Its loss is the major pathology in emphyema | Lung elasticity
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| Reflects a state of tension at the surface of a liquid | Alveolar surface tension forces
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| Dramatically increased by asthma | Respiratory passageway resistance
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| Greatest in the medium-sized bronchi | Respiratory passageway resistance
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| Name the three accessory muscles that are activated during forced inspiration that raise the rib cage more vigorously | scalenes, sternoclemastoids, pectoralis
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| Provide two examples of muscles that depress the rib cage upon forceful expiration | Internal intercostals, latissmus dorsi
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| Provide two examples of muscles that cause abdominal pressure to rise | Obliques, transversus
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| Three factors that decrease alveolar ventilation rate | Shallow breathing, Rapid breathing, Mucus in the resp passageways
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| Respiratory volume inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing | Tidal Volume (TV)
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| Air in respiratory passages that does not contribute to gas exchange | Dead space volume
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| Total amount of exchangeable air | Vital capacity(VC)
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| Gas volume that allows gas exchange to go on continuously | Residual volume(RV)
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| Amount of air that can still be exhaled(forcibly)after a normal exhalation | Expiratory reserve volume(ERV)
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| Sum of all lung volumes | Total lung capacity(TLC)
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| Pulmonary function tests can be conducted using a_____ | Spirometer
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| This type of test can distinguish between_______&_______ | Obstructive pulmonary dz, restricted disease
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| Obsructive pulmonary diseases reduce the rate of air flow will lower this value | FEV-forced expiratory volume
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| Restrictive diseases reduces the total inflation capacity will lower this value | FVC-forced vital capacity
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| Sudden inspiration, resulting from spasms of the diaphragm are | hiccups
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| A deep breath is taken, the glottis is closed, and air is forced out of the lungs against the glottis; clears the lower resp passageways | cough
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| As just described, but clears the upper respiratory passageways | sneeze
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