OIAN
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| Coracobrachialis Origin | Coracoid process of scapula
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| Coracobrachialis Insertion | Medial surface of mid-humerus
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| Coracobrachialis Action | Flex humerus
Adduct humerus
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| Coracobrachialis Nervation | Musculocutaneous
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| Pronator Teres Origin | Common flexor tendon from the medial epicondyle of the humerus
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| Pronator Teres Insertion | Middle of the lateral surface of radius
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| Pronator Teres Action | Pronate forearm
(*assist to flex elbow)
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| Pronator Teres Nervation | Median
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| Brachialis Origin | Distal half of anterior humerus
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| Brachialis Insertion | Tuberosity and coranoid process of ulna
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| Brachialis Action | Flex elbow
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| Brachialis Nervation | Musculocutaneous-small branch from radius
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| Brachioradialis Origin | Proximal 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
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| Brachioradialis Insertion | Radial styloid
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| Brachioradialis Action | Flex elbow
(Assist with pro/sup)
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| Brachioradialis Nervation | Radial
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| Anconeus Origin | Lateral epicondyle of humerus
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| Anconeus Insertion | Olecranon process and posterior proximal surface of ulna
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| Anconeus Action | Extend elbow
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| Anconeus Nervation | Radial
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| Teres Major Origin | Inferior angle,
Lower 1/3 of lateral border of scapula
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| Teres Major Insertion | Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus
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| Teres Major Action | Adduct shoulder
Internally rotate shoulder
Extend shoulder
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| Teres Major Nervation | Lower subscapular
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| Subscapularis Origin | Subscapular fossa of scapula
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| Subscapularis Insertion | Lesser tubercle of humerus
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| Subscapularis Action | Internally rotate shoulder
Stabilize shoulder
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| Subscapularis Nervation | Upper & lower subscapular
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| Infraspinatus Origin | Infraspinatus fossa of scapula
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| Infraspinatus Insertion | Greater tubercle of humerus
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| Infraspinatus Action | External rotation of shoulder
Adduction of shoulder
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| Infraspinatus Nervation | Suprascapular
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| Supraspinatus Origin | Supraspinatus fossa of scapula
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| Supraspinatus Insertion | Greater tubercle of humerus
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| Supraspinatus Action | Abduct shoulder
Stabilize shoulder
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| Supraspinatus Nervation | Suprascapular
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| Deltoid Origin | Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula
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| Deltoid Insertion | Deltoid tuberosity
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| Deltoid Action | Anterior fibers: ABD, FLEX, IR, Horz. ADD shoulder
Middle fibers: ABD shoulder
Post fibers: ABD, EXT, ER, Horz. ABD shoulder
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| Deltoid Nervation | Axillary
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| Teres Minor Origin | Upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula
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| Teres Minor Insertion | Greater tubercle of humerus
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| Teres Minor Action | Externally rotate shoulder
Adduct shoulder
Stabilize head of humerous in glenoid cavity
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| Teres Minor Nervation | Axillary
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| Latissimus Dorsi Origin | Inferior angle of scapula, spinous processes of T7-T12, ribs 9-12, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, posterior illac crest
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| Latissimus Dorsi Insertion | Intertubicular groove of humerus (bicipital groove)
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| Latissimus Dorsi Action | Extend shoulder
Adduct shoulder
Internally Rotate shoulder
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| Latissimus Dorsi Nervation | Thoracodorsal
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| Pectoralis Major Origin | Medial half of clavicle, sternum, ribs 1-6
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| Pectoralis Major Insertion | Crest of greater tubercle of humerus
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| Pectoralis Major Action | All fibers: ADD, IR shldr, assist to elevate thorax during forced inhalation with fixed arm
Upper fibers: FLEX, Horz. ADD shldr
Lower fibers: EXT shldr
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| Pectoralis Major Nervation | Upper fibers: Lateral pectoral
Lower fibers: Lateral & medial pectoral
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| Pronator Quadratus Origin | Medial/anterior surface of distal ulna
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| Pronator Quadratus Insertion | Lateral/anterior surface of distal radius
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| Pronator Quadratus Action | Pronate the forearm
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| Pronator Quadratus Nervation | Median
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| Supinator Origin | Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament
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| Supinator Insertion | Anterior/lateral surface of proximal 1/3 of radial shaft
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| Supinator Action | Supinate forearm
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| Supinator Nervation | Radial
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| Triceps Brachii Origin | Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: posterior surface of proximal half of humerus
Medial head: posterior surface of distal 1/2 of humerus
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| Triceps Brachii Insertion | Olecranon process
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| Triceps Brachii Action | All heads: extend elbow
Long head: Extend elbow, extend shoulder, adduct shoulder
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| Triceps Brachii Nervation | Radial
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| Biceps Brachii Origin | Long head: Superaglenoid tubercle of scapula
Short head: Coracoid process of scapula
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| Biceps Brachii Insertion | Radial tuberosity, aponeurosis of biceps brachii
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| Bicep Brachii Action | Flex elbow
Flex shoulder
Supinate forarm
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| Bicep Brachii Nervation | Musculocutaneous
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Origin | Distal 1/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Insertion | Base of second metacarpal
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Action | Extend wrist
radial deviate
(assist to flex elbow)
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Nervation | Radial
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Origin | Common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Insertion | Base of third metacarpal
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Action | Extend wrist
radial deviate
(assist to flex elbow)
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Nervation | Radial
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| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin | Humeral head: common extensor tendon from lateral epicondyle
Ulnar head: posterior surface of proximal 2/3 of ulna
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| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Insertion | Pisiform hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
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| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Action | Flex wrist
ulnar deviate
(assist to flex elbow)
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| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Nervation | Ulnar
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| Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin | Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus
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| Flexor Carpi Radialis Insertion | Bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
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| Flexor Carpi Radialis Action | Flex, radial deviate wrist (assist to flex elbow)
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| Flexor Carpi Radialis Nervation | Median
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| Palmaris Longus Origin | Common flexor tendon from medial epicondyle
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| Palmaris Longus Insertion | Flexor retinaculum & palmer aponeurosis
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| Palmaris Longus Action | Tense palmar fascia
Flex wrist
(assist to flex elbow)
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| Palmaris Longus Nervation | Median
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| Pectoralis Minor Origin | Ribs 3-5
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| Pectoralis Minor Insertion | Medial surface of coracoid process of scapula
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| Pectoralis Minor Action | Depress scapula
Abduct (protract) scapula
Downwardly rotate scapula
Assist in forced inhalation with fixed scapula
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| Pectoralis Minor Nervation | Medial Pectoral
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| Serratus Anterior Origin | External surfaces of upper 8-9 ribs
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| Serratus Anterior Insertion | Anterior surfaces of medial border of scapula
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| Serratus Anterior Action | Abduct (protract) scapula
Depress scapula
Upwardly rotate scapula
prevent winging of scapula
(may assist to elevate rib cage with forced inhalation with fixed scapula)
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| Serratus Anterior Nervation | Long Thoracic
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| Trapezius Origin | External occipital protuberance,
Superior nuchal line of occiput,
Ligamentum nuchae,
Spinous processes of C7-T12
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| Trapezius Insertion | Lateral 1/3 of clavicle,
Acromion,
Spine of scapula
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| Trapezius Action | Upper fibers(unilat):
Cerv lateral FLEX to same side
Cerv rotate to opposite side
Elevate/upwardly rotate scapula
Upper fibers(bilat):
Cerv EXT
Middle Fibers:
ADD (retract) scapula
Stabilize scapula
Lower Fibers:
Depress/upwardly rotate scapula
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| Trapezius Nervation | Accessory (cranial nerve XI),
Ventral Ramus
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| Rhomboid Minor Origin | Spinous processes C7-T1
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| Rhomboid Minor Insertion | Upper portion of medial border of scapula-across from spine of scapula
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| Rhomboid Minor Action | Adduct (retract) scapula
Elevate scapula
Downwardly rotate scapula
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| Rhomboid Minor Nervation | Dorsal Scapular
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| Rhomboid Major Origin | Spinous processes of T2-T5
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| Rhomboid Major Insertion | Medial boarder of scapula between spine of scapula and inferior angle
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| Rhomboid Major Action | Adduct (retract) scapula
Elevate scapula
Downwardly rotate scapula
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| Rhomboid Major Nervation | Dorsal scapular
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| Levator Scapula Origin | Transverse processes of C1-C4
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| Levator Scapula Insertion | Medial border of scapula between superior angle and superior portion of spine of scapula
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| Levator Scapula Action | Unilateral:
Elevate scapula
Downward rotate scapula
Cervical lateral flexion
Cervical rotation to same side
Bilateral:
Cervical extension
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| Levator Scapula Nervation | Dorsal scapular
Cranial nerves
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| Opponens Pollicis Action | Opposition of thumb
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| Opponens Pollicis Nervation | Median
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| Adductor Pollicis Action | Adduct thumb (CMC and MCP joints; assist in thumb flexion (MCP joint)
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| Abductor Pollicis Brevis Action | Abduct thumb (CMC and MCP joints); assist in thumb opposition
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| Abductor Pollicis Brevis Nervation | Median
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| Flexor Pollicis Brevis Action | Flex thumb (CMC and MCP joints); assist in thumb opposition
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| Abductor Pollicis Longus Action | Abduct & extend thumb (CMC joint); radial deviate wrist
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| Abductor Pollicis Longus Origin | Posterior surface of radius and ulna and interosseous membrane
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| Abductor Pollicis Longus Insertion | Base of first metacarpal
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| Abductor Pollicis Longus Nervation | Radial
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| Extensor Pollicis Longus Action | Extend thumb & radial deviate wrist
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| Extensor Pollicis Longus Origin | Posterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis Action | Extend thumb & radial deviate wrist
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis Origin | Posterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis Insertion | Proximal phalange of thumb
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| Extensor Pollicis Brevis Nervation | Radial
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| Flexor Pollicis Longus Action | Flex thumb & assist to flex wrist
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| Flexor Pollicis Longus Origin | Anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane
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| Flexor Pollicis Longus Insertion | Distal phalange of thumb
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| Flexor Pollicis Longus Nerviation | Median
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| Abductor Digiti Minimi Action | Abduct fifth finger (MCP joint); assist in fifth finger opposition
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| Abductor Digiti Minimi Nervation | Ulnar
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| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Action | Flex the fifth finger (MCP joint); assist in fifth finger oppositoin
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| Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Nervation | Ulnar
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| Opponens Digiti Minimi Action | Opposition of fifth finger
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| Opponens Digiti Minimi Nervation | Ulnar
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| Extensor Digiti Minimi Action | Extends fifth finger
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| Extensor Digiti Minimi Nervation | Radial
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| Lumbricals Action | Extend PIP & DIP of fingers 2-5; Flex MCP of fingers 2-5
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| Lumbricals Nervation | Median (fingers 2-3), Ulnar (fingers 4-5)
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| Palmar Interossei Action | Adduct fingers towards 3rd finger; Assist in finger flexion (MCP joint); assist in finger extension (PIP & DIP joints via extensor aponeurosis)
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| Palmar Interossei Nervation | Ulnar
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| Dorsal Interossei Action | Abduct fingers (MCP joint); Assist in finger flexion (MCP joint); assist in finger extension (PIP & DIP joints via extensor aponeurosis)
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| Dorsal Interossei Nervation | Ulnar
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| Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Action | Unilateral: rotate head & neck to same side; laterally flex head & neck to same side. Bilateral: Extend head & neck
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| Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Origin | Capitus: Inferior 1/2 of ligamentum nuchae/ spinus processes of C7-T4
Cervicis: Spinous process T3-T6
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| Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Insertion | Capitus: Mastoid process and lateral portion of superior nuchal line
Cervicis: Spinous processes C1-C3
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| Splenius Capitis and Cervicis Nervation | Cervical nerves
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| Longus Capitis Action | Unilateral: Rotate head & neck to same side; laterally flex head & neck to same side
Bilateral: Flex head & neck
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| Longus Capitis Nervation | C1,2,3,(4)
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| Longus Colli Action | Unilateral: rotate head & neck to same side; laterally flex head & neck to same side
Bilateral: flex head & neck
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| Longus Colli Nervation | C2-6, (7)
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| Sternocleidomastoid Action | Unilateral rotate head & neck to opposite side, laterally flex head & neck to same side
Bilateral: flex neck, assist in inhalation
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| Sternocleidomastoid Origin | Sternal head: Top of manubrium
Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle
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| Sternocleidomastoid Insertion | Mastoid process of temporal bone, lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput
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| Sternocleidomastoid Nervation | C(1), 2, 3
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| Scalenes Action | Unilateral: rotate head & neck to the opposite side, laterally flex head and neck to the same side
Bilateral: elevate ribs during inhalation
Bilateral anterior scalenes: flex head & neck
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| Scalenes Origin | Anterior transverse processes of C3-C6
Middle transverse processes of C2-C7
Posterior transverse processes of C6-C7
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| Scalenes Insertion | Anterior: rib 1
Middle: rib 1
Posterior: rib 1
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| Scalenes Nervation | C(3), 4-8
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| Platysma Action | Assist in mandible depression, tighten fascia of neck, draw down corners of mouth
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| Platysma Nervation | Facial (Cranial Nerve VII)
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| Occipitofrontalis Action | Raise eyebrows, wrinkle forehead
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| Occipitofrontalis Nervation | Facial (Cranial Nerve VII)
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| Orbicularis Oculi Action | Close eyes tightly
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| Orbicularis Oculi Nervation | Facial (Cranial Nerve VII)
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| Orbicularis Oris Action | Approximates and protrudes lips as in whistling
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| Obicularis Oris Nervation | Facial (Cranial Nerve VII)
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| Zygomaticus Major Action | Smile
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| Zygomaticus Major Nervation | Facial (Cranial Nerve VII)
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| Masseter Action | Elevate mandible (TMJ), may assist protract the mandible
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| Masseter Nervation | Trigeminal (Cranial nerve V) mandibular division
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| Temporalis Action | Elevate & retract mandible (TMJ)
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| Temporalis Nervation | Trigeminal (Cranial Nerve V) mandibular divistion
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| Medial Pterygoid Action | Unilateral: Laterally deviate mandible to opposite side
Bilateral: elevate & protract mandible
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| Medial Pterygoid Nervation | Trigeminal (Cranial Nerve V)
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| Lateral Pterygoid Action | Unilateral: Laterally deviate mandible to opposite side
Bilateral: protract mandible
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| Lateral Pterygoid Nervation | Trigeminal (Cranial Nerve V)
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| Digastric Action | If hyoid bone is fixed, depresses the mandible.
If mandible is fixed, elevates the hyoid
retracts the mandible (TMJ)
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| Digastric Nervation | Anterior belly: Trigeminal (Cranial V) mandibular division
Posterior belly: Facial Cranial Nerve VII)
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| Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Action | Extend upper cervical, rotate head to same side
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| Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Nervation | Suboccipital
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| Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Action | Extend upper cervical
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| Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Nervation | Suboccipial
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| Oblique Capitis Superior Action | Extend upper cervical, laterally flex head to same side
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| Oblique Capitis Superior Nervation | Suboccipial
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| Oblique Capitis Inferior Action | Rotate head to same side
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| Oblique Capitis Inferior Nervation | Suboccipital
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| Quadratus Lumborum Action | Unilateral: lateral pelvic tilt, trunk lateral flexion, assist to extend trunk
Bilateral: fix rib 12 during forced inhalation and exhalation
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| Quadratus Lumborum Origin | Posterior iliac crest
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| Quadratus Lumborum Insertion | Rib 12, transverse process of 1-4 lumbar vertebraw
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| Quadratus Lumborum Nervation | Lumbar Plexus, T12, L1, 2, 3
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| Rectus Abdominis Action | Flex trunk, posterior pelvic tilt
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| Rectus Abdominis Nervation | T5-T12, Ventral Rami
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| Rectus Abdominis Origin | Pubic crest, pubic symphysis
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| Rectus Abdominis Insertion | Cartilage of ribs 5-7, xiphoid process
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| External Oblique Action | Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to the same side, trunk rotation to the opposite side
Bilateral: flex trunk, compress abdominal contents
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| External Oblique Origin | External surface of ribs 5-12
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| External Oblique Insertion | Anterior iliac crest; abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
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| External Oblique Nervation | T5-T12
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| Internal Oblique Action | Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to the same side, trunk rotation to the same side
Bilateral: flex trunk, compress abdominal contents
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| Internal Oblique Origin | Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
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| Internal Oblique Insertion | Internal surface of lower 3 ribs; abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
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| Internal Oblique Nervation | T7-T12, L1, iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal, ventral rami
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| Transverse Abdominis Action | Compress abdominal
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| Transverse Abdominis Origin | Lateral inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia and internal surface of lower ribs
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| Transverse Abdominis Insertion | Abdominal aponeurosis to linea alba
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| Transverse Abdominis Nervation | T7-12, L1, iliohypogastric and ilioguinal, ventral divisions
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| Diaphragm Action | Draw down central tendon of diaphragm; increase volume of thoracic cavity during inhalation
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| Diaphragm Origin | Costal: inner surface of lower 6 ribs
Lumbar: upper 2-3 lumbar vertebrae
Sternal: inner part of xiphoid process
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| Diaphragm Insertion | Central tendon
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| Diaphragm Nervation | Phrenic
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| Intercostals Action | External intercostals: assist with inhalation by drawing ribs superiorly, increasing the space of the thoracic cavity
Internal intercostals: assist with exhalation by drawing the ribs inferiorly, decreasing the space in the thoracic cavity
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| Intercostals Origin | Inferior border of the rib above
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| Intercostals Insertion | Superior border of the rib below
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| Intercostals Nervation | Thoracic
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| Serratus Posterior Superior Action | Elevate ribs during inhalation
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| Serratus Posterior Superior Origin | Spinous processes of C7-T3
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| Serratus Posterior Superior Insertion | Posterior surface of ribs 2-5
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| Serratus Posterior Superior Nervation | T1-T4
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| Serratus Posterior Inferior Action | Depress ribs during exhalation
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| Serratus Posterior Inferior Origin | Spinous processes of T12-L3
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| Serratus Posterior Inferior Insertion | Posterior surface of ribs 9-12
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| Serratus Posterior Inferior Nervation | T9-T12
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| Intertransversarii Action | Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to the same side
Bilateral: extend trunk
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| Intertransversarii Origin | Span: Transverse processes C2-C7
transverse processes L1-5
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| Intertransversarii Insertion | Span: transverse processes of C2-C7
transverse processes of L1-5
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| Intertransversarii Nervation | Spinal Nerves
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| Interspinalis Action | Extend trunk
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| Interspinalis Origin | Span: spinous process C2-T3
Spinous process T12-L5
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| Interspinalis Insertion | Span: spinous process C2-T3
Spinous process T12-L5
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|
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| Interspinalis Nervation | Spinal nerves
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|
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| Spinalis Action | Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to same side
Bilateral: extend trunk
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|
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| Spinalis Origin | Spinous process of the upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae; Ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of C7
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| Spinalis Insertion | Spinous processes of upper thoracic and cervicals EXCEPT C1
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|
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| Spinalis Nervation | Spinal nerves
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|
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| Longissimus Action | A: Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to same side
Bilateral: extend trunk
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|
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| Longissimus Origins | Common tendon; transverse processes of upper 5 thoracic vertebrae
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|
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| Longissimus Insertion | Lower 9 ribs and transverse processes of thoracic verabrae; transverse processes of cervical vertebrae; mastoid process of temporal bone
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|
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| Longissimus Nervation | Spinal nerves
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|
||||
| Iliocostalis Action | Unilateral: trunk lateral flexion to same side
Bilateral: extend trunk
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|
||||
| Iliocostalis Origin | Common tendon; posterior surface of ribs 1-12
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|
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| Iliocostalis Insertion | Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae 1-3 and posterior surface of ribs 1-12; transverse processes of lower cervicals
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|
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| Iliocostalis Nervation | Spinal Nerves
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|
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| Multifidi Action | Unilateral: rotate trunk to opposite side
Bilateral: extend trunk
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|
||||
| Multifidi Origin | Sacrum and transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
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|
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| Multifidi Insertion | Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through C2; span 2-4 vertebrae
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|
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| Multifidi Nervation | Spinal Nerves
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|
||||
| Rotatores Action | Unilateral: rotate trunk to opposite side
Bilateral: extend trunk
🗑
|
||||
| Rotatores Origin | Transverse processes of lumbar through cervical vertebrae
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|
||||
| Rotatores Insertion | Spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae through C2; span 1-2 vertebrae
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|
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| Rotatores Nervation | Spinal nerves
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|
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| Semispinalis Capitis Action | Extend head & trunk
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|
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| Semispinalis Capitis Origin | Transverse processes of C4-T5
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|
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| Semispinalis Capitis Nervation | Cervical Nerves
🗑
|
||||
| Semispinalis Capitis Insertion | Between the superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occiput
🗑
|
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