ch3,4,5
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| organs of Integumentary System | Skin, Hair, Nails, Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands
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| Sebaceous glands | oil glands, lubricates the skin surface, Secrete the oil sebum
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| Epidermis | thin, outer membrane layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, basal layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis
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| Dermis | Middle fibrous connective tissue layer, also called the corium, living tissue with blood supply
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| Subcutaneous | innermost layer of fatty tissue, also called hypodermis, composed of fat cells called lipocytes
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| Basal layer | keratin is found here. keratin is a hard protein from dead cells,
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| melanocytes | cells of basal layer, produce melanin, gives skin color, protects against ultraviolet rays of sun
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| Apocrine glands | found in pubic and underarm area, thicker sweat that can produce an odor
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| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin
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| dermatologist | skin specialist
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| Dermatopathy | skin disease
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| dermatoplasty | surgical repair of skin
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| anhidrosis | abnormal condition of no sweat
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| hyperhidrosis | abnormal condition of excessive sweat
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| erythroderma | red skin
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| ichthyoderma | scaly, dry skin
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| leukoderma | white skin
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| pyoderma | pus skin
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| scleroderma | hard skin
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| xeroderma | dry skin
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| abrasion | friction scraping away skin surface
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| contusion | injury caused by a blow; causes swelling, pain, and bruising
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| Cyanosis | bluish tint to skin caused by deoxygenated blood
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| dermatology | diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions; physician is a dermatologist
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| ecchymosis | blood collecting under skin following blunt trauma, a bruise
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| erythema | red flushing of skin
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| Hirsutism | excessive hair growth
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| Keloid | thick hypertrophic scar
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| petechiae | spots from minute hemorrhages under the skin
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| purpura | skin hemorrhage due to fragile blood vessels
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| cyst | fluid-filled sac under skin
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| fissure | crack like lesion on skin
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| laceration | torn or jagged wound
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| macule | flat, discolored spot on skin
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| nodu5cmle | firm, solid mass larger that 0.
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| abscess | collection of pus in skin
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| burn | skin damaged caused by fire, electricity, ultraviolet light, or caustic chemicals; percentage of skin burned is estimated by Rule of Nines
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| papule | small, solid raised spot smaller that 0.5 cm
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| pustulpe | raised spot on skin containing pus
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| first degree burn | skin reddened and painful, no blisters; damage to epidermis
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| Second degree burns | skin reddened and painful with blister;
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| Third degree burn | skin charred; epidermis and dermis burned away; subcutaneous layer exposed
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| impetigo | highly infectious bacterial infection with pustules that rupture and crust over
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| Kaposi's Sarcoma | skin cancer seen in AIDS patients; brownish-purple lesions
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| Scabies | mite infestation
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| Varicella | contagious viral infection; chickenpox
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| alopecia | absence or loss of hair; baldness
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| culture and sensitivity (C&S) | grows bacteria removed from infected area to identify infecting bacteria; then determines sensitivity to various antibiotics
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| Biopsy (BX,bx) | removalof piece of tissue to examine under a microscope; aids in diagnosis
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| skin graft (SG) | transfer of skin from normal area to cover another site
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| allograft | skin graft from one person to another
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| autograft | skik graft from a person's own body
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| hererograft | skin graft from an animal of another species; usually a pig; xenograft
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| xenograft | skin graft from an animal of another species; usually a pig; hererograft
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| dermatome | instrument for cutting skin or for producing thin transplants of skin
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| cauterization | destruction of tissue by using chemicals, electricity, heat, or freezing
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| debridement | removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue
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| Incision and drainage (I&D) | making an incision to drain material such as pus
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| Red Bone Marrow | produces blood cells
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| Joint | place where two bones meet
held together by ligaments
gives flexibility to skelton
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| Long bones | longer than wide
femur
humerus
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| short bones | roughly as long as wide
carpals
tarsals
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| flat bones | plate shaped
sternum
scapula
pelvis
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| Irregular bones | shape very irregular
vertebrae
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| Diaphysis | central shaft, medullary cavity, yellow bone marrow
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| Epiphysis | wide ends of bone, distal epiphysis, proximal epiphysis
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| compact bone | cortical bone
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| cancellous bone | found inside bone, has spaces containing red bone marrow, manufactures blood cells
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| Head (Bone) | large smooth ball-shaped end of a long bone
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| Condyle (Bone) | smooth rounded portion at end of bone
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| Epicondyle (bone) | projection above or on a condyle
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| Trochanter (Bone) | Large rough process
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| Tubercle (Bone) | small rough process
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| Tuberosity (Bone) | Large rough process
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| Sinus | hollow cavity within bone
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| Foramen | smooth opening for nerves and blood vessels
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| Fossa | shallow cavity or depression within a bone
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| Fissure | Deep groove or slit-like opening
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| Axial Skeleton | Head, neck, spine, chest, trunk
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| Skull | two parts
cranium
facial bones
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| The Trunk | vertebral column, sternum, rib cage
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| Vertebral column | Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5)
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| Rib cage | True ribs; 10 pairs attached to sternum in front, Floating ribs; inferior 2 pair, no attachment in front
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| Appendicular Skeleton | pectoral girdle, upper extremity, pelvic girdle, lower extremity
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| Pectoral Girdle | Clavical- collar bone
scapula- shoulder bone
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| Upper extremity | humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
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| Synovial Joints | Most common type of Joint
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| Arthralgia | joint pain
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| artherocentesis | puncture to withdraw fluid form joint
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| arthrogram | record of a joint
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| arthritis | joint inflammation
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| arthroscope | instrument to view joint
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| ostealgia | bone pain
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| chriopractic | practice of treating patients using manipulations of vertebral column; practitioner is a chiropractor
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| Kyphosis | abnormal increase in curve of thoracic spine; humpback
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| lordosis | abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback
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| Closed fracture | fracture with no open skin wound; also called simple fracture
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| colles' fracture | common wrist fracture
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| comminuted fracture | fracture where bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed wound
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| compound fracture | fracture with an open skin wound; also called an open fracture
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| Compression fracture | fracture with loss of height in vertebral body; often from osteoporosis
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| Fracture (FX, Fx) | broken bone
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| green stick fracture | incomplete break; one side of bone is broken, the other is bent; common in children
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| impacted fracture | bone fragments are pushed into each other
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| oblique fracture | fracture at an angle to bone
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| transverse fracture | fracture is straight across bone
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| rickets | lack of calcium and vitamin D deficiency, results in one deformities like bowed legs
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| scoliosis | lateral curve of spine
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| osteoarthritis (OA) | results in degeneration of bone and joints; bone rubs against bone
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| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | autoimmune inflammation of joints with swelling, stiffness, pain, results in joint deformities
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| arthrography | visualizing joint by x-ray after injecting contrast medium into joint
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| arthroscopy | examining interior of joint with an arthroscope, a fiberoptic camera; view of joint interior appears on monitor during procdeure
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| spinal fusion | surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae
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| Fasci/o | fibrous band
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| fibr/o | fibers
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| kinesi/o | movement
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| muscul/o | muscle
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| my/o | muscle
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| myocardi/o | heart muscle
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| myos/o | muscle
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| plant/o | sole of foot
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| ten/o | tendon
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| tendin/o | tendon
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| Types of Muscle | Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
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| Origin | less moveable of 2 bones
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| Insertion | more moveable of 2 bones
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| abduction | movement away form midline of body
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| adduction | movement toward midline of body
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| flexion | act of bending or being bent
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| extension | brings limb into a straight condition
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| dorsiflextion | backward bending of foot
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| plantar flexion | bending sole of foot; pointing toes
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| eversion | turning outward
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| inversion | turning inward
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| pronation | turning palm downward
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| supination | turning palm upward
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| elevation | to raise
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| depression | to drop down
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| myalgia | muscle pain
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| myocardial | pertaining to the heart muscle
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| myoplasty | surgical repair of muscle
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| myorrhaphy | suture of muscle
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| myorrhexis | muscle rupture
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| bradykinesia | slow movement
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| dyskinesia | difficult movement
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| hyperkinesia | excessive movement
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| hypokinesia | insufficient movement
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| tendinitis | tendon inflammation
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| fibromyalgia | widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue
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| muscle biopsy | removal of muscle tissue for examination
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| organs of cardiovascular system | heart, arteries, capillaries, veins
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| pulmonary circulation | between heart and lungs, carries deoxygenated blood away from right side of heart to lungs, carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left side of heart
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| Systemic Circulation | between heard and cells of body, carries oxygenated blood away from left side of heart to body, carries deoxygenated blood from body to right side of heart
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| Heart chambers | 2 atria, 2 ventricles
heart is divided into right and left sides by a wall called the septum
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| Heart valves | Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral (bicuspid), aortic
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| Aorta | carries blood to all parts of the body
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| Diastole | relaxation of heart chamber
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| Systole | contraction of heart chamber
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| Sinoatrial (SA) Node | pacemaker of the heart, electrical impulse begins
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| coronary arteries | supply blood to myocardium
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| ventricular systole | gives highest blood pressure- systolic
top reading on BP
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| Ventricular diastole | blood pressure drops to lowest point- diastolic
bottom reading on BP
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| angiogram | record of a vessel
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| angioplasty | surgical repair of a vessel
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| angiostenosis | narrowing of a vessel
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| cardiac | pertaining to the heart
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| bradycardia | state of slow heart rate
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| electrocardiogram | record of hearts electricity
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| cardiomegaly | enlarged heart
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| myocardial | pertaining to heart muscle
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| cardiologist | heart specialist
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| cardiorrhexis | ruptured heart
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| tachycardia | state of fast heart rate
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| valvulities | inflammation of a valve
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| venogram | record of vein
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| auscultation | listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope
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| cardiology | branch of medicine for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease; physician is a cardiologist
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| catheter | flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to view blood vessels
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| palpitations | pounding, racing heart beats
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| regurgitation | to flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through valve
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| arrhythmia | irregularity in heartbeat; some are mild and others are life threatening
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| cardiac arrest | complete stopping of the heart activity
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| cardiomyopathy | myocardial disease; may be caused by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcoholism; common reason for heart transplant
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| congestive heart failure (CHF) | left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema
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| coronary artery disease (CAD) | poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart attack
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| fibrillation | extremely serous arrhythmia characterized by quivering of heart fibers; cardiac arrest and death can occur
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| myocardial infarction (MI) | occlusion of coronary artery, heart attack
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| aneurysm | weakness and ballooning of arterial wall
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| embolus | obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus in another site
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| hemorrhoid | varicose veins in the anal region
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| hypertension (HTN) | high blood pressure;
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| thrombus | blood clot within a blood vessel
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| varicose veins | swollen and distended veins; often in the legs
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| electrocardiography | process of recording electrical activity of heart;
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| stress testing | evaluates cardiovascular fitness
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| AFB | atrial fibrillation
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| AMI | acute myocardial infarction
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| AS | arteriosclerosis
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| ASD | atrial septal defect
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| ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease
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| ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease
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| AV, A-V | atrioventricular
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| BBB | bundle branch block
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| BP | Blood pressure
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| bpm | beats per minute
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| CABG | coronary artery bypassgraft
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| CAD | coronary artery disease
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| cath | catheterization
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| CC | cardiac catherterization, chief complaint
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| CCU | coronary care unit
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| CHF | congestive heart failure
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| CoA | coarctation of the aorta
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| CP | chest pain
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| CPK | creatine phosphokinase
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| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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| CSD | congenital septal defect
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| CV | Cardiovascular
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| DVT | deep vein thrombosis
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| ECC | extracorporeal circulation
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| ECG, EKG | electrocardiogram
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| ECHO | echocardiogram
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| GOT | lutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
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| HTN | hypertension
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| ICU | intravenous
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| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase
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| LVAD | left ventricular assist device
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| LVH | left ventricular hypertrophy
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| MI | myocardial infraction, mitral insufficiency
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| mmHg | millimeters of mercury
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| MR | mitral regurgitation
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| MS | mitral stenosis
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| MVP | mitral valve prolapse
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| P | pulse
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| PAC | premature atrial contraction
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| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus
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| PTCA | percutaneous transluminalcoronary angioplasty
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| PVC | premature ventricular contraction
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| S1 | first heart sound
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| S2 | second heart sound
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| SA, S-A | sinoatrial
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| SGOT | serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transminase
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| SK | streptokinase
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| tPA | tissue-type plasminogen activator
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| Vfib | ventricular fibrillation
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| VSD | ventricular septal defect
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| VT | ventricular tachycardia
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|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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