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ch3,4,5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organs of Integumentary System | Skin, Hair, Nails, Sebaceous glands, Sweat glands |
| Sebaceous glands | oil glands, lubricates the skin surface, Secrete the oil sebum |
| Epidermis | thin, outer membrane layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, basal layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis |
| Dermis | Middle fibrous connective tissue layer, also called the corium, living tissue with blood supply |
| Subcutaneous | innermost layer of fatty tissue, also called hypodermis, composed of fat cells called lipocytes |
| Basal layer | keratin is found here. keratin is a hard protein from dead cells, |
| melanocytes | cells of basal layer, produce melanin, gives skin color, protects against ultraviolet rays of sun |
| Apocrine glands | found in pubic and underarm area, thicker sweat that can produce an odor |
| dermatitis | inflammation of the skin |
| dermatologist | skin specialist |
| Dermatopathy | skin disease |
| dermatoplasty | surgical repair of skin |
| anhidrosis | abnormal condition of no sweat |
| hyperhidrosis | abnormal condition of excessive sweat |
| erythroderma | red skin |
| ichthyoderma | scaly, dry skin |
| leukoderma | white skin |
| pyoderma | pus skin |
| scleroderma | hard skin |
| xeroderma | dry skin |
| abrasion | friction scraping away skin surface |
| contusion | injury caused by a blow; causes swelling, pain, and bruising |
| Cyanosis | bluish tint to skin caused by deoxygenated blood |
| dermatology | diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions; physician is a dermatologist |
| ecchymosis | blood collecting under skin following blunt trauma, a bruise |
| erythema | red flushing of skin |
| Hirsutism | excessive hair growth |
| Keloid | thick hypertrophic scar |
| petechiae | spots from minute hemorrhages under the skin |
| purpura | skin hemorrhage due to fragile blood vessels |
| cyst | fluid-filled sac under skin |
| fissure | crack like lesion on skin |
| laceration | torn or jagged wound |
| macule | flat, discolored spot on skin |
| nodu5cmle | firm, solid mass larger that 0. |
| abscess | collection of pus in skin |
| burn | skin damaged caused by fire, electricity, ultraviolet light, or caustic chemicals; percentage of skin burned is estimated by Rule of Nines |
| papule | small, solid raised spot smaller that 0.5 cm |
| pustulpe | raised spot on skin containing pus |
| first degree burn | skin reddened and painful, no blisters; damage to epidermis |
| Second degree burns | skin reddened and painful with blister; |
| Third degree burn | skin charred; epidermis and dermis burned away; subcutaneous layer exposed |
| impetigo | highly infectious bacterial infection with pustules that rupture and crust over |
| Kaposi's Sarcoma | skin cancer seen in AIDS patients; brownish-purple lesions |
| Scabies | mite infestation |
| Varicella | contagious viral infection; chickenpox |
| alopecia | absence or loss of hair; baldness |
| culture and sensitivity (C&S) | grows bacteria removed from infected area to identify infecting bacteria; then determines sensitivity to various antibiotics |
| Biopsy (BX,bx) | removalof piece of tissue to examine under a microscope; aids in diagnosis |
| skin graft (SG) | transfer of skin from normal area to cover another site |
| allograft | skin graft from one person to another |
| autograft | skik graft from a person's own body |
| hererograft | skin graft from an animal of another species; usually a pig; xenograft |
| xenograft | skin graft from an animal of another species; usually a pig; hererograft |
| dermatome | instrument for cutting skin or for producing thin transplants of skin |
| cauterization | destruction of tissue by using chemicals, electricity, heat, or freezing |
| debridement | removal of foreign material and dead or damaged tissue |
| Incision and drainage (I&D) | making an incision to drain material such as pus |
| Red Bone Marrow | produces blood cells |
| Joint | place where two bones meet held together by ligaments gives flexibility to skelton |
| Long bones | longer than wide femur humerus |
| short bones | roughly as long as wide carpals tarsals |
| flat bones | plate shaped sternum scapula pelvis |
| Irregular bones | shape very irregular vertebrae |
| Diaphysis | central shaft, medullary cavity, yellow bone marrow |
| Epiphysis | wide ends of bone, distal epiphysis, proximal epiphysis |
| compact bone | cortical bone |
| cancellous bone | found inside bone, has spaces containing red bone marrow, manufactures blood cells |
| Head (Bone) | large smooth ball-shaped end of a long bone |
| Condyle (Bone) | smooth rounded portion at end of bone |
| Epicondyle (bone) | projection above or on a condyle |
| Trochanter (Bone) | Large rough process |
| Tubercle (Bone) | small rough process |
| Tuberosity (Bone) | Large rough process |
| Sinus | hollow cavity within bone |
| Foramen | smooth opening for nerves and blood vessels |
| Fossa | shallow cavity or depression within a bone |
| Fissure | Deep groove or slit-like opening |
| Axial Skeleton | Head, neck, spine, chest, trunk |
| Skull | two parts cranium facial bones |
| The Trunk | vertebral column, sternum, rib cage |
| Vertebral column | Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5) |
| Rib cage | True ribs; 10 pairs attached to sternum in front, Floating ribs; inferior 2 pair, no attachment in front |
| Appendicular Skeleton | pectoral girdle, upper extremity, pelvic girdle, lower extremity |
| Pectoral Girdle | Clavical- collar bone scapula- shoulder bone |
| Upper extremity | humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges |
| Synovial Joints | Most common type of Joint |
| Arthralgia | joint pain |
| artherocentesis | puncture to withdraw fluid form joint |
| arthrogram | record of a joint |
| arthritis | joint inflammation |
| arthroscope | instrument to view joint |
| ostealgia | bone pain |
| chriopractic | practice of treating patients using manipulations of vertebral column; practitioner is a chiropractor |
| Kyphosis | abnormal increase in curve of thoracic spine; humpback |
| lordosis | abnormal increase in forward curvature of lumbar spine; swayback |
| Closed fracture | fracture with no open skin wound; also called simple fracture |
| colles' fracture | common wrist fracture |
| comminuted fracture | fracture where bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed wound |
| compound fracture | fracture with an open skin wound; also called an open fracture |
| Compression fracture | fracture with loss of height in vertebral body; often from osteoporosis |
| Fracture (FX, Fx) | broken bone |
| green stick fracture | incomplete break; one side of bone is broken, the other is bent; common in children |
| impacted fracture | bone fragments are pushed into each other |
| oblique fracture | fracture at an angle to bone |
| transverse fracture | fracture is straight across bone |
| rickets | lack of calcium and vitamin D deficiency, results in one deformities like bowed legs |
| scoliosis | lateral curve of spine |
| osteoarthritis (OA) | results in degeneration of bone and joints; bone rubs against bone |
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | autoimmune inflammation of joints with swelling, stiffness, pain, results in joint deformities |
| arthrography | visualizing joint by x-ray after injecting contrast medium into joint |
| arthroscopy | examining interior of joint with an arthroscope, a fiberoptic camera; view of joint interior appears on monitor during procdeure |
| spinal fusion | surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae |
| Fasci/o | fibrous band |
| fibr/o | fibers |
| kinesi/o | movement |
| muscul/o | muscle |
| my/o | muscle |
| myocardi/o | heart muscle |
| myos/o | muscle |
| plant/o | sole of foot |
| ten/o | tendon |
| tendin/o | tendon |
| Types of Muscle | Skeletal Smooth Cardiac |
| Origin | less moveable of 2 bones |
| Insertion | more moveable of 2 bones |
| abduction | movement away form midline of body |
| adduction | movement toward midline of body |
| flexion | act of bending or being bent |
| extension | brings limb into a straight condition |
| dorsiflextion | backward bending of foot |
| plantar flexion | bending sole of foot; pointing toes |
| eversion | turning outward |
| inversion | turning inward |
| pronation | turning palm downward |
| supination | turning palm upward |
| elevation | to raise |
| depression | to drop down |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| myocardial | pertaining to the heart muscle |
| myoplasty | surgical repair of muscle |
| myorrhaphy | suture of muscle |
| myorrhexis | muscle rupture |
| bradykinesia | slow movement |
| dyskinesia | difficult movement |
| hyperkinesia | excessive movement |
| hypokinesia | insufficient movement |
| tendinitis | tendon inflammation |
| fibromyalgia | widespread aching and pain in muscles and soft tissue |
| muscle biopsy | removal of muscle tissue for examination |
| organs of cardiovascular system | heart, arteries, capillaries, veins |
| pulmonary circulation | between heart and lungs, carries deoxygenated blood away from right side of heart to lungs, carries oxygenated blood from lungs to left side of heart |
| Systemic Circulation | between heard and cells of body, carries oxygenated blood away from left side of heart to body, carries deoxygenated blood from body to right side of heart |
| Heart chambers | 2 atria, 2 ventricles heart is divided into right and left sides by a wall called the septum |
| Heart valves | Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral (bicuspid), aortic |
| Aorta | carries blood to all parts of the body |
| Diastole | relaxation of heart chamber |
| Systole | contraction of heart chamber |
| Sinoatrial (SA) Node | pacemaker of the heart, electrical impulse begins |
| coronary arteries | supply blood to myocardium |
| ventricular systole | gives highest blood pressure- systolic top reading on BP |
| Ventricular diastole | blood pressure drops to lowest point- diastolic bottom reading on BP |
| angiogram | record of a vessel |
| angioplasty | surgical repair of a vessel |
| angiostenosis | narrowing of a vessel |
| cardiac | pertaining to the heart |
| bradycardia | state of slow heart rate |
| electrocardiogram | record of hearts electricity |
| cardiomegaly | enlarged heart |
| myocardial | pertaining to heart muscle |
| cardiologist | heart specialist |
| cardiorrhexis | ruptured heart |
| tachycardia | state of fast heart rate |
| valvulities | inflammation of a valve |
| venogram | record of vein |
| auscultation | listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope |
| cardiology | branch of medicine for diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease; physician is a cardiologist |
| catheter | flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to view blood vessels |
| palpitations | pounding, racing heart beats |
| regurgitation | to flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through valve |
| arrhythmia | irregularity in heartbeat; some are mild and others are life threatening |
| cardiac arrest | complete stopping of the heart activity |
| cardiomyopathy | myocardial disease; may be caused by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcoholism; common reason for heart transplant |
| congestive heart failure (CHF) | left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema |
| coronary artery disease (CAD) | poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart attack |
| fibrillation | extremely serous arrhythmia characterized by quivering of heart fibers; cardiac arrest and death can occur |
| myocardial infarction (MI) | occlusion of coronary artery, heart attack |
| aneurysm | weakness and ballooning of arterial wall |
| embolus | obstruction of blood vessel by blood clot that has broken off from a thrombus in another site |
| hemorrhoid | varicose veins in the anal region |
| hypertension (HTN) | high blood pressure; |
| thrombus | blood clot within a blood vessel |
| varicose veins | swollen and distended veins; often in the legs |
| electrocardiography | process of recording electrical activity of heart; |
| stress testing | evaluates cardiovascular fitness |
| AFB | atrial fibrillation |
| AMI | acute myocardial infarction |
| AS | arteriosclerosis |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease |
| ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease |
| AV, A-V | atrioventricular |
| BBB | bundle branch block |
| BP | Blood pressure |
| bpm | beats per minute |
| CABG | coronary artery bypassgraft |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| cath | catheterization |
| CC | cardiac catherterization, chief complaint |
| CCU | coronary care unit |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CoA | coarctation of the aorta |
| CP | chest pain |
| CPK | creatine phosphokinase |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CSD | congenital septal defect |
| CV | Cardiovascular |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| ECC | extracorporeal circulation |
| ECG, EKG | electrocardiogram |
| ECHO | echocardiogram |
| GOT | lutamic oxaloacetic transaminase |
| HTN | hypertension |
| ICU | intravenous |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| LVAD | left ventricular assist device |
| LVH | left ventricular hypertrophy |
| MI | myocardial infraction, mitral insufficiency |
| mmHg | millimeters of mercury |
| MR | mitral regurgitation |
| MS | mitral stenosis |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
| P | pulse |
| PAC | premature atrial contraction |
| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus |
| PTCA | percutaneous transluminalcoronary angioplasty |
| PVC | premature ventricular contraction |
| S1 | first heart sound |
| S2 | second heart sound |
| SA, S-A | sinoatrial |
| SGOT | serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transminase |
| SK | streptokinase |
| tPA | tissue-type plasminogen activator |
| Vfib | ventricular fibrillation |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| VT | ventricular tachycardia |
Created by:
BrendaBrock33
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