chapter 12 in A+P book. reviews nervous tissue and information.
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| neurotransmitter | chemical released to trigger the next cell
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| CNS | brain and spinal cord
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| cephalization | process in which neurons gather in head
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| somatic | aware of (uses five senses)
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| autonomic | unaware of (controls internal effects of body such as temperature and blood pressure)
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| motor and sensory | branches of PNS
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| sympathetic | fight or flight response
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| parasympathetic | rest and digest response
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| neuron | cells that transmit impulses
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| neuroglia | do not send impulses/ maintain neurons
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| axon hillock | cone-shaped area where axon attaches
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| synaptic end bulb | end of axon terminal where neurotransmitters are released
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| cell body, dendrite, axon | parts of a neuron
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| dendrite | receives information from other neurons
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| cell body | part of neuron that contains nucleus
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| axon | transmitter/ attaches to dendrites
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| multipolar neuron | has multiple extensions off of cell body
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| glia | "glue"
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| astrocytes | star shaped/nourish and maintain environment/ remove neurotransmitter
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| oligodendrocytes | only in CNS/ myelinating cells
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| Schwann cells | only in PNS/ myelinating cells
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| myelination | process in which a nueron is wrapped with a myelin sheath that speeds up transmission
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| myelin sheath | insulates axon
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| white matter | contains myelinated axons
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| gray matter | contains unmyelinated axons/ controls synapses
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| electrical synapse | gap junction
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| chemical synapse | neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft which opens the ligand-gated ion channel.
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| Ligand-gated ion channel | channel that opens when something binds to it.
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| depolarization | causing the membrane potential to become LESS negative/ increase mV
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| hyperpolarization | caues membrane potential to become MORE negative/ decrease mV
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| repolarizing phase | period when potential drops from +30 to -70
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| -55 mV | threshold
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| action potential | rapid reversal in membrane potential
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| graded potential | potential that does NOT reach threshold
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| exocytosis | release of neurotransmitter
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| re-uptake | suck neurotransmitter back into the cell
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| spatial summation | activity from more than one neuron
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| temporal summation | activity in which one neuron sends several signals
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| Na+ channel | ion channel=depolarization/excitaion
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| K+ channel | ion channel= hyperpolarization/inhibition
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| Cl- ion channel | ion channel= hyperpolarization/ inhibition
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| diverging circuit | 1signal branches out into several
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| converging circuit | several signals merge into 1
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| reverberating circuit | direct signal that loops around/ controls memory
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| resting membrane potential | RMP/ difference in voltage across membrane in a cell at rest
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| voltage-gated ion channel | opens and closes based on a change in voltage
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| mechanically gated ion channel | operated mechanically by feeling, soundwaves, and tissue stretching (opened by pressure)
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| leakage channel | gates alternate between open and close and let a whole bunch of stuff in at a time
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| continuous conduction | slow process/ de- and repolarization of adjacent segments
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| saltatory conduction | fast process/ propagation along myelinated axons
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