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nervous tissue A+P
chapter 12 in A+P book. reviews nervous tissue and information.
| word(s) | definition |
|---|---|
| neurotransmitter | chemical released to trigger the next cell |
| CNS | brain and spinal cord |
| cephalization | process in which neurons gather in head |
| somatic | aware of (uses five senses) |
| autonomic | unaware of (controls internal effects of body such as temperature and blood pressure) |
| motor and sensory | branches of PNS |
| sympathetic | fight or flight response |
| parasympathetic | rest and digest response |
| neuron | cells that transmit impulses |
| neuroglia | do not send impulses/ maintain neurons |
| axon hillock | cone-shaped area where axon attaches |
| synaptic end bulb | end of axon terminal where neurotransmitters are released |
| cell body, dendrite, axon | parts of a neuron |
| dendrite | receives information from other neurons |
| cell body | part of neuron that contains nucleus |
| axon | transmitter/ attaches to dendrites |
| multipolar neuron | has multiple extensions off of cell body |
| glia | "glue" |
| astrocytes | star shaped/nourish and maintain environment/ remove neurotransmitter |
| oligodendrocytes | only in CNS/ myelinating cells |
| Schwann cells | only in PNS/ myelinating cells |
| myelination | process in which a nueron is wrapped with a myelin sheath that speeds up transmission |
| myelin sheath | insulates axon |
| white matter | contains myelinated axons |
| gray matter | contains unmyelinated axons/ controls synapses |
| electrical synapse | gap junction |
| chemical synapse | neurotransmitter is released into synaptic cleft which opens the ligand-gated ion channel. |
| Ligand-gated ion channel | channel that opens when something binds to it. |
| depolarization | causing the membrane potential to become LESS negative/ increase mV |
| hyperpolarization | caues membrane potential to become MORE negative/ decrease mV |
| repolarizing phase | period when potential drops from +30 to -70 |
| -55 mV | threshold |
| action potential | rapid reversal in membrane potential |
| graded potential | potential that does NOT reach threshold |
| exocytosis | release of neurotransmitter |
| re-uptake | suck neurotransmitter back into the cell |
| spatial summation | activity from more than one neuron |
| temporal summation | activity in which one neuron sends several signals |
| Na+ channel | ion channel=depolarization/excitaion |
| K+ channel | ion channel= hyperpolarization/inhibition |
| Cl- ion channel | ion channel= hyperpolarization/ inhibition |
| diverging circuit | 1signal branches out into several |
| converging circuit | several signals merge into 1 |
| reverberating circuit | direct signal that loops around/ controls memory |
| resting membrane potential | RMP/ difference in voltage across membrane in a cell at rest |
| voltage-gated ion channel | opens and closes based on a change in voltage |
| mechanically gated ion channel | operated mechanically by feeling, soundwaves, and tissue stretching (opened by pressure) |
| leakage channel | gates alternate between open and close and let a whole bunch of stuff in at a time |
| continuous conduction | slow process/ de- and repolarization of adjacent segments |
| saltatory conduction | fast process/ propagation along myelinated axons |
Created by:
ashley814
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