Chapter 2 Questions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Define matter | anything that has weight and takes up space
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| List the four most abundant elements in the human body | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen
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| Explain why a complete atom is electrically neutral | the number of electrons outside the nucleus equals the number of protons
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| Distinguish between atomic number and atomic weight | atomic number is the number of protons; atomic weight is the number of protons and neutrons
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| Define isotope | atoms that have the same atomic number but different atomic weights
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| Explain how electrons are distributed within the electron shells of atoms | first shell-2, second shell-8, third shell-8
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| An ionic bond forms when | ions with opposite charges attract
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| A covalent bond forms when | atoms share electrons
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| Explain how a hydrogen bond forms | the attraction of the positive hydrogen end of a polar molecule to the negative nitrogen or oxygen end of another polar molecule
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| Define electrolyte, acid, base, and salt | electrolyte-substances that release ions in water/// acid- substance that releases hydrogen ions///base-substance that releases ions that can combine with hydrogen ions///salt-substance formed by the reaction between and acid and a base
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| Explain pH and how to use the pH scale |
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| Distinguish between inorganic and organic chemicals | organic have carbon and hydrogen///inorganic are all others
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| Distinguish between elctrolytes and nonelectrolytes | electrolytes are inorganic substances that dissolve in water///nonelectrolytes are organic compounds that dissolve in water and do not release ions
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| Describe the functions of water and oxygen in the human body | transports chemicals and oxygen///both used for transport
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| List several ions that cells require and identify their functions | Sodium, Chloride, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphate, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Sufate///play roles in metabolism, helping maintain proper water concentrations, pH, blood clotting, bone development, energy transfer in cells, etc
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| List at least three functions of proteins | structural materials, energy sources, and hormones
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| Identify the four levels of protein structure | primary, secondary, tertiary, and quarternary
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| Describe the general characteristics of nucleic acids | consists of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and one of several nitrogen-containing organic bases called nitrogenous bases
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