Chapter 3 Notes
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| What are differentiated cells? | Cells with specialized characteristics
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| What are the three major parts of a cell? | nucleus) innermost part that contains DNA located in nuclear envelope. cytoplasm) has cytoplasmic organelles in its cytosol. cell membrane) contains the cytoplasm
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| Where is the cell membrane? | the outermost part of the cell
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| What is the cell membrane's purpose? | controls many metabolic reactions and harbors molecules that enable the cell to communicate and interact. Controls what enters and exits the cell.
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| What is a membrane that allows some substances to enter but not others? | a selectively permeable membrane
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| How does the cell membrane allow the cell to send and receive messages | signal tranduction
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| What is the cell membrane made of? | lipids and proteins with some carbs
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| What is the framework of the membrane structure? | double layer of phospholipid molecules that self-assemble so that their water soluble heads form the surfaces of the membrane and their watter insoluble tails form the interior of the membrane
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| What does the interior of the membrane consist of? | fatty acid portions
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| How are membrane proteins classified? | shape, location in bilayer, and function
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| What is an integral protein? | a protein that spans the membrane
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| What is a peripheral protein? | a protein that projects from outer surface of membrane
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| What is both a integral and peripheral protein? | a protein that transverses membrane and extends from outer surface
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| What is a transmembrane protein? | a protein that extends outside and dips into the cytoplasm
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| What is a receptor? | many times a transmembrane protein that receive and transmit messages into a cell
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| What are cellular adhesion molecules? (CAMs) | peripheral proteins that enable certain cells to touch or bond
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| What else is in the cytoplasm other than organelles? | inclusions
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| What is an inclusion? | stored nutrients and are usually temporarily in the cell
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| What is the cytoskeleton? | protein rods and tubules that from a supportive framework
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| Ribosome | particle composed of protein and RNA///synthesizes proteins
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum- E.R. | membranous sacs, canals, vesicles///transports materials within cell, provides attachment for ribosomes, and synthesizes lipids
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| Vescicles | membranous sacs///contains substances that recently entered the cell, store and transport newly synthesized molecules
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| Golgi Apparatus | flattened, membranous sacs///packages and modifies protein molecules for transport and secretion
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| Mitochondria | membranous sacs with inner portions///release energy from food and convert it into usable form
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| Lysosomes | membranous sacs///contain enzymes capable of ingesting worn cell parts or substances that enter cells
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| Peroxisomes | membranous sacs///contain peroxidases, important in the breakdown of many organic molecules
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| Centrosome | nonmembranous structure with 2 rodlike centrioles///helps distribute chromosomes to new cells in cell division; initiates formation of cilia
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| Cilia | motile projections attached to basal bodies beneath the cell membrane///propel fluids over cellular surface
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| Flagellum | motile projections attached to basal bodies benath the cell membrane///enables sperm cells to move
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| Microfilaments and Microtubules | thin rods and tubules///support cytoplasm, help move substances and organelles within the cytoplasm
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| Nuclear Envelope | selectively permeable double membrane that separates the nuclear contents from the cytoplasm///maintains integrity of the nucleus, controls passage of materials, between the nucleus and cytoplasm
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| Nucleolus | dense, nonmembranous body composed of protein and RNA molecules///site of ribosome formation
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| Chromatin | fibers composed of protein and DNA molecules///carries information for synthesizing proteins
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