Blood & Lymphatic System - Q – Diagnostic terms & A – Meaning
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| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) | a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood
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| anemia | a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in a diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues
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| aplastic anemia | a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
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| iron deficiency anemia | a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and is characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin
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| pernicious anemia (see Fig. 6-5) | a macrocytic-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number
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| autoimmune disease | any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function; rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are examples of autoimmune diseases (auto =
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| erythroblastosis fetalis | a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh-positive blood and a mother with Rh-negative blood, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; a blood transfusion is necessary to save the fetus
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| Rh factor | presence or lack of antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which causes a reaction between Rh-positive blood and Rh-negative blood
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| Rh positive | presence of antigens
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| Rh negative | absence of antigens
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| hemochromatosis | hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body
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| hemophilia | a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood
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| leukemia | chronic or acute malignant (cancerous) disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow
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| myelodysplasia | disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells (cells that give rise to different types of blood cells); usually develops into a specific type of leukemia
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| lymphoma | any neoplastic disorder of lymph tissue, usually malignant, as in Hodgkin disease
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| metastasis | process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ; the plural form, metastases, indicates spreading to two or more distant sites
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| mononucleosis | condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells (monocytes and lymphocytes) in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), fatigue, and sore throat (pharyngitis)
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| polycythemia | increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood
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| septicemia | systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood
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