AP Human Geography
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| demography | study of the statistics of the changing population regarding births, deaths, disease
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| Overpopulation | more people than resources
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| ecumene | inhabited land
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| census | official count of a population
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| population distribution | the arrangement of people living in a given area
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| arithmetic population density | total number of people/total land area
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| physiologic population density | total population/total areable land
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| agricultural density | total number of farmers/farmable land
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| crude birth rate | number of births per 1,000 people
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| crude death rate | number of deaths per 1,000 people
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| natural increase rate | difference between the number of live births and number of deaths occurring in a year
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| doubling time | amount of time it take for a population to double
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| total fertility rate | number of children who would be born per woman during child bearing years
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| life expectancy | average time a person is expected to live
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| population pyramid | graph that shows distribution of various age groups within a population
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| dependency ratio | measure showing the number of dependents (0-14, 65-older) to the total population
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| sex ratio | number of males to females in a population
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| demographic transition model | illustrates the transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as a country develops
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| agricultural revolution | transition from paleolithic diet to a diet of cultivated foods due to a more productive form of agriculture
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| industrial revolution | started in Britain during 18th century, rapid development of industry because of advanced machinery
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| medical revolution | the leap of medical knowledge in stage 2 of the demographic transition
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| zero population growth | constant level of population by only producing enough births to replace the current population
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| linear growth | population grows by the same amount in each time step
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| exponential growth | rapid growth in population compared to total number
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| Neo-Malthusians | those who believe in population control programs to ensure resources for current and future populations
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| family planning | the practice of controlling the number of children in a family and the intervals between their births
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| epidemiological transition | a sudden increase in population growth rates due to medical innovation
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