Anatomy Test 1 Study Guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| anatomy | study of structure, shape of the body, body parts, their relation to one another
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| physiology | study of how the body and its parts function
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| structure determines what function can occur |
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| levels of organizaiton in the body simple-->complex | atoms, cells, tissues, organ, organ systems, organism
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| Integumentary | skin, hair, nails Function: protects, excrete, water proofs
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| Skeletal | Cartilage, joints, bones Function: support, protection, forms blood cells
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| muscular | muscles Function: movement
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| Nervous | brain , spinal cord, nerves Function: control center(Brain)transmit messages to spinal cords and nerves.
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| Endocrine | pituitary glands, thyroid gland, pancreas, ovaries Function: produce hormones which control body functions
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| circulatory | 2 systems
a. cardiovascular- heart, blood vessels Function: carries nutrients and wastes
B. lymphatic- lymph vessals, lymph nodes Function: assist in imunnity
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| Respritory | lungs, trachea, nose Function: supply Oxygen / Remove Co2
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| Digestive | stomach, intestines, esophagus, Function: breaks down food, and gives the products to the blood
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| Urinary | kidneys, bladder , ureter Function: removes nitrogen containing waste from blood
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| reproductive | ovary, prostate gland, uterus Function: produce offspringcx
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| Functions Necessary for Life | Functions Necessary For Life
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| Maintain boundries | insides remain distinct from outside. Cell has cell membrane; body negramnetary system
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| movement | muscular system
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| digestion | breaks down food
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| metabolism | all chemical reactions in body depends on digestive and hormones ; controlled by endocrine system
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| Excretion | removes wastes
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| Reproduction | a. cellular original cell--> 2 daughter cells
B. Organism- task of sperm and egg
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| Growth | increase in size; usually accompanied by increase in # of cells
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| Survival Needs | SURVIVAL NEEDS
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| What is the goal of all body systems? | Maintain life
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| Nutrients | Important for cell building and energy 5 vital nutrients
a. carbohydrates-fuel/ energy
b. proteins -cell building
c. fats- cell building, cushions, reserve fuel
d. minerals and vitamins - responisbe for chemical reaction that takes place in the body
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| Oxygen | Must be present to produce Chemical energy that releases energy from food
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| Water | 60-80% body weight, provides fluid base for body secretions and excretions
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| Body temperature | 37* C/ 98.6*F
as body temp drops metabolic reaction slows--> stop/temp. increase reaction speed up proteins broken down. Death at either extreme
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| Correct Atmospheric pressure | Necessary for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. What happens at high altitudes- gas exchange
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| Define Homeostasis | body's ability to maintain a relatively stable internal condition even though outside environment is changing.
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| How does the body maintain a stable internal environment? | Communication between 3 major components
a. control center
b. receptor
c. Effector
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| Receptor | (sensory) Responds to changes in environment (internal or external)
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| Control center | (brain) determines appropriate level to maintain for each varible controlled
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| Effector | (muscles) provides a mean of response to stimulus triggered by control center
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| Anatomical position | body's standard position, body erect, feet parallel and the arms hanging a the side with palms facing forward
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| 3 different planes | a. medial
b. frontal plane
c. transverse plane
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| describe directional terms | used by personnel and anatomist allow them to explain exact where one body structure is in relation to one another.
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| superior | refers to the head or uper body regions
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| inferior | the front of an organism organ, or part
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| posterior | toward or at the backside of the body
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| Medial | toward the midline of the body
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| lateral | away from the midline of the body
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| intermidiate | between a more medial an a more lateral structure
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| proximal | toward the attached end of a limb or the origin of a sructure
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| distal | farthest from the point of attachment of a limb or origin of structure ex. knee is distal to thigh
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| superficial | located close to or on he body surface
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| deep | away from the body surface; more internal
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| 2 sets of internal body cavities | Dorsal body Cavity- cranial cavity, spine cavity; Ventral body cavity- thoracic cavity, adomond cavity, pelvic cavity, Abdoninapelvic cavity
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| ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS | ANTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
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| abdominal | anterior bosy trunk inferior
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| antecubital | anterior surface of elbow
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| axillary | armpit
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| brachial | arm
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| buccal | cheek area
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| orbital | eye area
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| patellar | anterior knee
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| unbilical | naval
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| cervical | neck region
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| digital | fingers, toes
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| femoral | thigh
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| ingunial | are where thigh meets body trunk
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| oral | mouth
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| pubic | genital region
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| thoracic | chest
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| POSTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS | POSTERIOR BODY LANDMARKS
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| deltoid | curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle
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| gluteal | butlock
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| lumbar | area of back between ribs/ hips
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| occipital | osterior surface of head
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| popliteal | posterior knee area
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| scapular | shoulder blade region
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| sural | the posterior surface of lower leg , the calf
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| ABMOINOPELVIC CAVITY REGIONS | ABMOINOPELVIC CAVITY REGIONS
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| unibical region |
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| epigastric region | superior to unibalic region
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| hypogastric | inferior to uniballic region
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| rigth/ left iliac region | lateral to the hypogastric region
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| right /left lumbar region | lie later to the uniballic reason
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| right /left hypochondriac region | flank the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs
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