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Heart

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Question
Answer
show the sinus venarum and pectinate muscles  
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show the crista terminalis  
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show fossa ovalis  
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25% of people have an atrial septal defect. What problems do these people experience?   show
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show an atrial septal defect (which occurs in 25% of people).  
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show RA, RV, and pulmonary trunk  
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where do the pectinate muscles from the RA branch?   show
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show at the atrioventricular orifice between the RA and RV  
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what is the composition of the RV?   show
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what is the composition of the interventricular septum?   show
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Where does an interventricular defect most likely occur?   show
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show the conus arteriosus  
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explain the structure/function of the tricuspid valve?   show
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show the anterior (attached to the septomarginal trebeculum, carring the R branch of the AV bundle); posterior, and septal  
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what is associated with the R ventricular (anterior) cusp?   show
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show it runs from the interventricular septum thru the septomarginal trebeculum to the anterior papillary muscle).  
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what is another name for the septomarginal trebeculum?   show
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show it has a smooth wall except for the L auricle (that has muscular pectinate muscles)  
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why is the L AV valve called the mitral valve?   show
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show the LV has trebeculae carnae but they are much finer but more numerous  
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show the RV is crescent shaped, the LV is conical; the RV has thick tr. carnae, the LV has finer and more trebeculae carnae; and the LV wall is 2x thicker (in healthy heart)  
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show the AV valves have chordae tendinae and papillary muscle associated, and semilunar valves don't  
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Explain the mitral valve anatomically?   show
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show the mitral (L AV valve)  
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show it can become diseased and create turbulent flow  
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show bc if there's regurgitation the turbulent airflow can erode and predispose the valve to endocardial infections (where bacteremias seed)  
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what is a common cause of endocarditis fo the mitral valve?   show
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what is the makeup of the pulmonary and aortic valves?   show
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show they are tricuspid valves: anterior, left and right (that are named based on their embryolgical origins) which don't reflect their actual orientation  
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show tricuspid valve with a fibrous nodule on the free edge in the middle of the lunule (a thin CT on either side of the nodule)  
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show the lunule (a thin CT)  
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show the ascending aorta from the coronary sinuses on the respective side  
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when do the coronary arteries fill?   show
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show the coronary arteries  
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show the epicardium and myocardium of the pericardium  
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show in the fat beneath the epicardium  
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show the right coronary artery  
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show the left coronary artery  
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show 60%  
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show the sinoatrial nodal artery, right marginal artery, posterior interventricular artery (aka posterior descending artery), and the AV nodal artery  
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what are the branches of the left coronary artery?   show
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show end arteries are arteries that don't anastomose. cor. arteries are "funct." end arteries bc they do anastomose, but the collateral circ isn't good enough really so they're just functional (not the real deal)  
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show the LAD (anterior IV) and the posterior descending (posterior IV) at the apex; and the L circumflex witht with the RCA  
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show by seeing with coronary artery (L or R) gives off the posterior interventricular artery (posterior descending)  
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show the R 85-90% of the time  
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show the Left coronary artery at the L. circumflex gives off the posterior descending (posterior interventricular artery)  
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show Right dominace > Equal dominance > Left dominance  
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what are the three most common sites of coronary occlusion (and in order of most likely --> least likely)   show
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show running alongside the coronary arteries  
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show the coronary sinus, which empties into the right atrium  
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show great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein  
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show the coronary sinus  
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from R-->L give the order of the cardiac veins   show
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which cardiac vein makes the tail of the coronary sinus?   show
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show the small cardiac vein  
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show the AV groove/sulcus (coronary groove)  
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which branches of the right coronary artery are directed toward (not necessary touching) the apex of the heart?   show
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what does the RCA supply?   show
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where does the LCA travel after coming off of the ascending aorta from the aortic sinus?   show
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show in the interventricular groove  
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show the RCA, the circumflex, and the coronary sinus  
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show into the coronary sinus, or via small veins to the right atrium  
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show the great cardiac vein  
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what veins drain the areas supplied by the RCA?   show
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show 3 vessels (2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein)  
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show (2) umbilical arteries: internal iliac arteries/unoxygenated blood away from the fetus/medial umbilical ligaments of the ant abdominal wall (1) umbilical vein: ?/carries oxygenated blood to the fetus  
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