Heart
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show | the sinus venarum and pectinate muscles
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show | the crista terminalis
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show | fossa ovalis
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25% of people have an atrial septal defect. What problems do these people experience? | show 🗑
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show | an atrial septal defect (which occurs in 25% of people).
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show | RA, RV, and pulmonary trunk
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where do the pectinate muscles from the RA branch? | show 🗑
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show | at the atrioventricular orifice between the RA and RV
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what is the composition of the RV? | show 🗑
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what is the composition of the interventricular septum? | show 🗑
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Where does an interventricular defect most likely occur? | show 🗑
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show | the conus arteriosus
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explain the structure/function of the tricuspid valve? | show 🗑
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show | the anterior (attached to the septomarginal trebeculum, carring the R branch of the AV bundle); posterior, and septal
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what is associated with the R ventricular (anterior) cusp? | show 🗑
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show | it runs from the interventricular septum thru the septomarginal trebeculum to the anterior papillary muscle).
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what is another name for the septomarginal trebeculum? | show 🗑
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show | it has a smooth wall except for the L auricle (that has muscular pectinate muscles)
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why is the L AV valve called the mitral valve? | show 🗑
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show | the LV has trebeculae carnae but they are much finer but more numerous
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show | the RV is crescent shaped, the LV is conical; the RV has thick tr. carnae, the LV has finer and more trebeculae carnae; and the LV wall is 2x thicker (in healthy heart)
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show | the AV valves have chordae tendinae and papillary muscle associated, and semilunar valves don't
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Explain the mitral valve anatomically? | show 🗑
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show | the mitral (L AV valve)
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show | it can become diseased and create turbulent flow
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show | bc if there's regurgitation the turbulent airflow can erode and predispose the valve to endocardial infections (where bacteremias seed)
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what is a common cause of endocarditis fo the mitral valve? | show 🗑
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what is the makeup of the pulmonary and aortic valves? | show 🗑
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show | they are tricuspid valves: anterior, left and right (that are named based on their embryolgical origins) which don't reflect their actual orientation
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show | tricuspid valve with a fibrous nodule on the free edge in the middle of the lunule (a thin CT on either side of the nodule)
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show | the lunule (a thin CT)
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show | the ascending aorta from the coronary sinuses on the respective side
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when do the coronary arteries fill? | show 🗑
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show | the coronary arteries
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show | the epicardium and myocardium of the pericardium
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show | in the fat beneath the epicardium
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show | the right coronary artery
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show | the left coronary artery
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show | 60%
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show | the sinoatrial nodal artery, right marginal artery, posterior interventricular artery (aka posterior descending artery), and the AV nodal artery
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what are the branches of the left coronary artery? | show 🗑
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show | end arteries are arteries that don't anastomose. cor. arteries are "funct." end arteries bc they do anastomose, but the collateral circ isn't good enough really so they're just functional (not the real deal)
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show | the LAD (anterior IV) and the posterior descending (posterior IV) at the apex; and the L circumflex witht with the RCA
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show | by seeing with coronary artery (L or R) gives off the posterior interventricular artery (posterior descending)
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show | the R 85-90% of the time
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show | the Left coronary artery at the L. circumflex gives off the posterior descending (posterior interventricular artery)
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show | Right dominace > Equal dominance > Left dominance
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what are the three most common sites of coronary occlusion (and in order of most likely --> least likely) | show 🗑
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show | running alongside the coronary arteries
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show | the coronary sinus, which empties into the right atrium
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show | great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein
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show | the coronary sinus
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from R-->L give the order of the cardiac veins | show 🗑
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which cardiac vein makes the tail of the coronary sinus? | show 🗑
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show | the small cardiac vein
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show | the AV groove/sulcus (coronary groove)
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which branches of the right coronary artery are directed toward (not necessary touching) the apex of the heart? | show 🗑
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what does the RCA supply? | show 🗑
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where does the LCA travel after coming off of the ascending aorta from the aortic sinus? | show 🗑
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show | in the interventricular groove
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show | the RCA, the circumflex, and the coronary sinus
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show | into the coronary sinus, or via small veins to the right atrium
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show | the great cardiac vein
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what veins drain the areas supplied by the RCA? | show 🗑
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show | 3 vessels (2 umbilical arteries and 1 umbilical vein)
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show | (2) umbilical arteries: internal iliac arteries/unoxygenated blood away from the fetus/medial umbilical ligaments of the ant abdominal wall (1) umbilical vein: ?/carries oxygenated blood to the fetus
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