Reverse defs
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| osteoma | a bone tumour
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| fascicle | a bundle of muscle fibres
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| osteoblast | a cell in the bone marrow that produces bone
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| osteoclast | a cell in the bone marrow that reabsorbs bone
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| periosteum | a dense fibrous membrane that covers the surface of the bone and contains blood and lymph vessels, and nerves
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| spina bifida | a genetic disorder that results in malformation of the spine due to imperfect joining of the vertebrae
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| sternocleidomastoid | a muscle of the chest arising from the sternum and inner part of the clavicle
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| ribs | a series of 12 pair of curved bones attached to the vertebral column which provides protection for internal organs
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| tendon | a strap composed of connective tissue that joins muscle to bone
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| crest | a type of bone process that has a large ridge shape
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| lordosis | abnormal inward curvature of the spine
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| scoliosis | abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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| irregular bones | all other bones that cannot be grouped under other headings
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| kyphosis | an exaggerated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae
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| appendage | any body part attached to a main structure
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| spondylolisthesis | any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it
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| ligament | band of connective tissue that connects bone to bone
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| pelvis | basin-shaped structure that supports the sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder and other soft organs of the abdominopelvic cavity
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| splinting | bone immobilization by application of an orthopedic device to the injured body part
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| casting | bone immobilization by application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or similar material
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| traction | bone immobilization by application of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture
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| osteoporosis | bone pores or cavities resulting from a decrease in bone denisty
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| short bones | bones that are as wide as they are long
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| sternum | breast bone/chest plate
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| sinus | cavity or hollow space in a bone
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| syndactylism | condition of fingers and toes being joined together
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| talipes equinovarus | congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called club foot
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| appendicular skeleton | consists of bones of the shoulders, hips, upper and lower extremities
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| musculoskeletal system | consists of bones, joints, and muscles, which provide the body with support, protection, and the ability to move
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| axial | consists of the bones of the skull, thorax, and vertebral column
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| NSAIDs | nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs - decrease pain and suppress inflammation
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| flexion | decrease the angle of a joint
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| bunion (halture valgus) | deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe, which may cause the tissue surrounding the joint to become swollen and tender
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| spondylosis | degeneration of the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
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| crepitation | dry, gating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture of joint reduction
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| hemarthrosis | effusion of blood into a joint cavity
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| dorsiflexion | elevates the foot
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| sequestrectomy | excision of a sequestrum
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| synovectomy | excision of a synovial membrane
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| bursectomy | excision of bursa
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| metacarpectomy | excision of the bones of the hand
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| laminectomy | excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
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| contractive | fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
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| ganglion cyst | fluid-filled tumour that most commonly develops along the tendons or joint of the wrists of hands, but may also appear in the feet
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| podiatry | foot treatment
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| rickets | for of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis
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| long bones | found in extremities of the body
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| bone marrow | found within larger bones; responsible for the production of blood cells
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| sequestrum | fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
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| diathrosis | freely moveable joints
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| arthrodesis | fusion/stabilization or binding of a joint
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| compact bone | hard, outer layer of bone
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| myelcele | hernia of the spinal cord
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| synarthroses | immovable joints
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| bone grafting | implantation or transplantation of bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damage or missing bone tissue
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| exacerbation | increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms; also called flare
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| extension | increased the angle of a joint
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| arthritis | inflammation of the joints
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| claudication | lameness, limping
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| tuberosity | large, rounded process
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| cancellous | lattice like arrangement of bony plates occurring at the ends of long bones
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| cruciate ligaments | ligaments that cross each other forming an X within the notch between the femoral condyles
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| hypotonia | loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
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| plantar flexion | lowers the foot (Points the toes)
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| multiple myeloma | malignant tumour of plasma cells in the bones marrow
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| pelvimetry | measurement of the pelvis
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| rotation | moves a bone around its own axis
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| abduction | moves away from the midline
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| adduction | moves closer to the midline
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| inversion | moves the sole of the foot inward
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| eversion | moves the sole of the foot outward
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| strain | muscular trauma caused by violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch
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| fissure | narrow, slit-like opening
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| mineral bone density test | noninvasive procedure that uses low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density and usually measures bones of the spine, hip, and forearm; also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
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| scintigraphy | nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide
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| meatus | opening or passage into a bone
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| CTS - carpal tunnel syndrome | painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel
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| paraplegia | paralysis of lower spine, lower portion of the trunk and both legs
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| quadriplegia | paralysis of the upper spine and all 4 extremities
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| subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation
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| amputation | partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or circulatory disease
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| phantom limb | perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the lim still exists
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| phalangeal | pertaining to the bones of the fingers and toes
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| femorotibial | pertaining to the femur and the tibia
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| substernal | pertaining to under the sternum
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| articulation | place of union between 2 or more bones; also called joint
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| bones | principal organs of support and protection in the body
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| reduction | procedure that restores a bone to its normal position
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| bone immobilization | procedures used to restrict movement, stabilize and protect a fracture, and facilitate the healing process
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| hematopoiesis | production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
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| head | prominent, rounded, articulating end of a bone
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| flat bones | provide a broad surface for muscular attachment and protection for internal organs
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| arthrocentesis | punture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluid
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| lumbarsacral spinal radiography | radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, latera, and oblique views of the lower spine
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| myelography | radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumours, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions
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| discography | radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium
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| open reduction | reduction in which fracture bones place in their proper position during surgery
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| closed reduction | reduction in which fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery
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| muscular tissue | refers to all of the contractile tissue of the body; two main types are voluntary or involuntary
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| salicylates | relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation
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| muscle relaxants | relieve muscle spasms and stiffness
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| prosthesis fitting | replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity
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| bone revision sx (symptom) | revision surgery are often required to correct bone infection, misalignments of bones, broken prosthesis, and fractures of the bone around the prosthesis
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| intervertebral disks | round structure with a gelatinous mass in the center that separates the vertebrae
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| foramen | rounded opening through a bone to accommodate blood vessels and nerves
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| condyle | rounded, articulating knob
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| herniated disks | rupture of a vertebral disk's center through its outer edge and back toward the spinal canal with pressure on the adjacent spinal nerve that results in pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs
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| bone scintigraphy | scintigraphy procedure in which radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone
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| arthrography | series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint
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| amphiarthrosis | slightly moveable joints
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| tubercle | small, rounded process
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| torticollis | stiff neck caused by spasmodic contraction of the neck muscle
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| muscles | structures that contract providing movement of the bone
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| revision surgery | surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn out prosthesis
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| arthroclasia | surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
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| patellapexy | surgical fixation of the kneecap
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| THR (total hip replacement) | surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
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| sprain | tearing of ligament tissue that may by slight, moderate, or complete
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| voluntary | that which is done with control. Usually a striated muscle such as the biceps
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| involuntary | that which occurs with no discretionary control usually a visceral muscle
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| fracture |
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| epiphysis | the end or extremity of the bone
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| atlas | the first cervical vertebra which supports the skull
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| sacrum | the five sacral vertebrae which are fused into a single bone
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| lumbar vertebrae | the 5 vertebrae situated in the lower back which carry most of the weight of the torso
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| latissimus dorsi | the large muscle of the back
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| gluteus maximus | the large muscle of the buttocks
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| ilium | the later flaring portion of the hip bone; upper of the 3 parts of the hip bone
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| ischium | the lower part of the hip bone
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| agonist | the muscle that produces the movement
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| antagonist | the muscle that relaxes in order to allow a movement
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| axis | the 2nd cervical vertebra which provides rotation of the skull
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| cervical vertebrae | the 7 vertebrae which form the skeletal framework of the neck
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| diaphysis | the shaft or long main portion of the bone
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| coccyx | the tail of the vertebral column consisting of 4 or 5 fused vertebrae (tailbone)
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| pubis | the 3rd portion of the hipbone that is situated in front of the bladder
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| thoracic vertebrae | the twelve vertebrae which support the chest and serve as a point of articulation for the ribs
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| vertebrae | the twenty-six bones which make up the adult vertebral column
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| osteoclasis | to break a bone for therapeutic purposes
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| calcium supplement | treat and prevent hypocalcemia
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| gold salts | treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system
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| pronation | turns the palm down
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| supination | turns the palm up
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| EMG | use of electrical stimulation to diagnose the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them
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| trochanter | very large, irregularly shaped process found only on the femur
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| arthroscopy | visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and miniature camera that projects images on a monitor
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