Final Exam Study Guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is the definition of society? | show 🗑
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| show | The systematic study of human society and social interactions.
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| show | The lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.
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| show | C. Wright Mills's term for the ability to see the relationship between individual experiences and the larger society.
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| show | The knowledge, language, values, customs, and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society.
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| What is the Empirical Approach? | show 🗑
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| show | An approach using religion, customs, habits, traditions, and law to answer important questions; based on what is right and wrong and what "ought to be" in society; answers issues such as assisted suicide.
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| What is the Deductive Approach? | show 🗑
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| What is the Inductive Approach? | show 🗑
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| show | As the knowledge, techniques and tools that make it possible for people to transform resources into usable forms, and the knowledge and skills required to use them after they are developed.
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| What is a self-concept? | show 🗑
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| show | The complex framework of societal institutions (such as economy, politics, and religion) and the social practices (such as rules and social roles) that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on peoples behavior.
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| show | Any physical or social attribute or sign that so devalues a person's social identity that it disqualifies that person from full social acceptance.
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| What is an ingroup? | show 🗑
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| show | A group to which a person does not belong and toward which the person may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility.
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| What is a reference group? | show 🗑
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| What is a secondary group? | show 🗑
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| show | The extent to which people say things so they may gain approval of other people.
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| What is conformity? | show 🗑
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| show | An ongoing group of people, often young, who band together for purposes generally considered to be deviant or criminal by the larger society.
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| show | Any behavior, belief, or condition that violates significant social norms in society.
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| What is social stratification? | show 🗑
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| What is global stratification? | show 🗑
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| Who is most affected by poverty in low-income economies? | show 🗑
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| show | An income standard that is based on what is considered to be the minimum amount of money required for living at a subsistence level; involves comparison of personal or household income and social judgments made by researchers.
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| What is absolute poverty? | show 🗑
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| What is relative poverty? | show 🗑
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| show | A state of poverty composed of many dimensions, subjectively present when one's actual income does not meet one's expectations; measured by comparing the actual income against the income earner;s expectations and perceptions.
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| show | A category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes.
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| What is an ethnic group? | show 🗑
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| show | A group that is advantaged and has superior resources and rights in a society.
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| What is prejudice? | show 🗑
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| What is racism? | show 🗑
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| ________ refers to the biological and anatomical differences between females and males. | show 🗑
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| What is gender? | show 🗑
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| What is sexism? | show 🗑
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| What is patriarchy? | show 🗑
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| show | A hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by women.
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| What is aging? | show 🗑
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| What are Baby Boomers? | show 🗑
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| What is off-shoring? | show 🗑
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| show | The social institution that ensures the maintenance of society through the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
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| What are politics? | show 🗑
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| What is government? | show 🗑
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| show | The social institution responsible for the systematic transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure.
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| show | A system of beliefs, symbols, and rituals based on some sacred or supernatural realm, that guides human behavior, gives meaning to life, and unites believers into a community.
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| show | Any activity intended to improve health.
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| show | A sub-field of sociology that examines population size, composition, and distribution.
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| What are the 3 processes from which changes in population occur? | show 🗑
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| show | Collectives so intensely focused on a specific purpose or object that they may erupt into violent or destructive behavior.
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| show | (a) higher rates of illness & disease, (b) inadequate health care facilities, © malnutrition (insufficient or contaminated food), (d) lack of access to pure, safe water, and (e) inadequate sewage and refuse disposal
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