Chapter 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Most cells are composed of the following four elements | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
🗑
|
||||
| Cells | are the building blocks of all living things
🗑
|
||||
| Anatomy of the Cell | Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| The Nucleus is | Control center of the cell; contains genetic material, DNA
🗑
|
||||
| The Nucleus anatomy | Nuclear envelope /membrane, Nucleolus & Chromatin
🗑
|
||||
| Nuclear envelope | Barrier of the nucleus; Consists of a double membrane, contains nuclear pores that allow for exchange of material with the rest of the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Nucleoli | Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli
Sites of ribosome assembly
Ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores
🗑
|
||||
| Chromatin | Composed of DNA and protein
Present when the cell is not dividing
Scattered throughout the nucleus
Condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides
🗑
|
||||
| Plasma Membrane | Barrier for cell contents
Double phospholipid layer
Hydrophilic heads
Hydrophobic tails
Also contains proteins, cholesterol, and glycoproteins
🗑
|
||||
| Cytoplasm | Cytosol
Organelles
Inclusions
🗑
|
||||
| Cytosol | Fluid that suspends other elements
🗑
|
||||
| Organelles | Metabolic machinery of the cell
“Little organs” that perform functions for the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Inclusions | Chemical substances such as stored nutrients or cell products
🗑
|
||||
| Cytoplasmic Organelles | Mitochondria,Ribosomes, Endoplasmic reticulum Smooth and Rough, Lysosomes,Peroxisomes, Centrioles, Golgi apparatus,
🗑
|
||||
| Mitochondria | “Powerhouses” of the cell
Change shape continuously
Carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food
Provides ATP for cellular energy
🗑
|
||||
| Ribosomes | Made of protein and RNA
Sites of protein synthesis
Found at two locations
Free in the cytoplasm
As part of the rough endoplasmic reticulum
🗑
|
||||
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | Fluid-filled tubules or canals (cisterns) for carrying substances. Accounts for half of the cells membranes.
🗑
|
||||
| Two types of ER | Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
🗑
|
||||
| Rough endoplasmic reticulum | Studded with ribosomes
Synthesizes and exports protein
🗑
|
||||
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum | metabolizes lipid, cholesterol and detoxification of drugs and pesticides
🗑
|
||||
| Lysosomes | Contain enzymes produced by ribosomes
Packaged by the Golgi apparatus
Digest worn-out or non usable materials within the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Peroxisomes | Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes
Detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and formaldehyde
Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals)
Replicate by pinching in half
🗑
|
||||
| Centrioles | Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules
Direct the formation of mitotic spindle during cell division
🗑
|
||||
| Golgi apparatus | Modifies and packages proteins
Produces different types of packages
Secretory vesicles
Cell membrane components
Lysosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Golgi vesicle | containing membrane components fuses with the plasma membrane
🗑
|
||||
| Lysosome fuses | with ingested substances
🗑
|
||||
| Golgi vesicle containing digestive enzymes becomes a | lysosome
🗑
|
||||
| Cellular Projections:Not found in all cells | Cilia, Flagella, Microvilli
🗑
|
||||
| Cilia | move materials across the cell surface
Located in the respiratory system to move mucus
🗑
|
||||
| Flagella | propel the cell
The only flagellated cell in the human body is sperm
🗑
|
||||
| Microvilli | are tiny, fingerlike extensions of the plasma membrane
Increase surface area for absorption
🗑
|
||||
| Epithelial cells | Cells that cover and line body organs
🗑
|
||||
| Epithelial cells anatomy | Nucleus
Intermediate filaments
🗑
|
||||
| Skeletal muscle cell anatomy | Nuclei
Smooth muscle cells
🗑
|
||||
| Skeletal muscle cell | Cells that move organs and body parts
🗑
|
||||
| Fat cell anatomy | Lipid droplet
Nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Fat cell | Cell that stores nutrients
🗑
|
||||
| Macrophage | Phagocyte cell extends long psedopods to crawl tissue to reach infection sites. the many lysosome within the cell digest the infectious microorganisms it takes up
🗑
|
||||
| Macrophage | Cell that fights
disease
🗑
|
||||
| Nerve cell anatomy | Rough ER, Nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Nerve cell | Cell that gathers information and controls body
functions
🗑
|
||||
| neuroglia |
🗑
|
||||
| Cell of reproduction | Sperm
🗑
|
||||
| Sperm | Nucleus, Flagellum
🗑
|
||||
| Solution | homogeneous mixture of two or more components
🗑
|
||||
| Solvent | dissolving medium; typically water in the bod
🗑
|
||||
| Intracellular fluid | nucleoplasm and cytosol
🗑
|
||||
| Interstitial fluid | fluid on the exterior of the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Selective Permeability | The plasma membrane allows some materials to pass while excluding others.
This permeability influences movement both into and out of the cell.
🗑
|
||||
| Membrane Transport: Two basic methods of transport | Passive processes & Active processes
🗑
|
||||
| Passive processes | No energy is required
🗑
|
||||
| Active processes | Cell must provide metabolic energy (ATP)
🗑
|
||||
| Diffusion | Particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution
Movement is from high concentration to low concentration, or down a concentration gradient
🗑
|
||||
| Passive Processes Types of diffusion | Simple diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated diffusion, Passive Processes, Active Processes,
🗑
|
||||
| Simple diffusion | An unassisted process
Solutes are lipid-soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores
🗑
|
||||
| Osmosis | simple diffusion of water
Highly polar water molecules easily cross the plasma membrane through aquaporins
🗑
|
||||
| Facilitated diffusion | Substances require a protein carrier for passive transport
Transports lipid-insoluble and large substances
🗑
|
||||
| Passive Processes | Water and solutes are forced through a membrane by fluid, or hydrostatic pressure
A pressure gradient must exist
Solute-containing fluid is pushed from a high-pressure area to a lower pressure area
🗑
|
||||
| Active Processes: Substances are transported that are unable to pass by diffusion | Substances may be too lg,
Substances may not be able to dissolve in the fat core of the membrane, Substances may have to move against a concentration gradient
🗑
|
||||
| Active Processes, Two common forms of active transport | Active transport (solute pumping)
Vesicular transport
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| Active Processes | ATP is used for transport
🗑
|
||||
| Epithelium that consist of multiple layers of a cell | Stratified
🗑
|
||||
| The organelle that consist enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the golgi apparatus is the | Lysosomes
🗑
|
||||
| the portion of the cells life cycle that does not involve cell division is known as | Interphase
🗑
|
||||
| Which type of tissue conducts electrochemical impulses | Nervous Tissue
🗑
|
||||
| the molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is | Transfer RNA (tRNA)
🗑
|
||||
| Fat is best described as | Adipose tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Adenine bonds with | Thymine
🗑
|
||||
| Glands, such as the thyroid, that secrete their products directly into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as | Endocrine
🗑
|
||||
| Guanine bonds with | Cytosine
🗑
|
||||
| The type of muscle found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach and the walls of blood vessels is | Smooth mucles
🗑
|
||||
| A single layer of flatten cell would best be described as | Simple Squamous
🗑
|
||||
| Type of active process in which the cell secrets vesicles | Exocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that captures energy to produce ATP | MItochondria
🗑
|
||||
| The type of muscle found in the heart movement is involuntary and cells possess stiations | Cardiac
🗑
|
||||
| Organelle that package substances for release from cell | Golgi apparatus
🗑
|
||||
| Aide Protein Synthesis | Ribosomes
🗑
|
||||
| Type of passive process in which water is moved through aquapororins | Osmosis
🗑
|
||||
| list the 4 major tissue types | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous tissue
🗑
|
||||
| the phases of Mitosis in order | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase
🗑
|
||||
| Rough ER | Has all essential material for building in the cell and assembles it it is considered the factory of the cell
🗑
|
||||
| Cytoskeleton | elaborated network of protein structures extends throughout the cytoplasm; acts like bones and muscle for cell shape and support of organelles
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
1815104090
Popular Anatomy sets