Study guide
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| what are the differences b/w the R & L kidney? | R kidney is slightly lower than the L kidney to accommodate for the liver
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| what does the urine normally contain? | nitrogenous waste(urea, uric acid & creatinine)
electrolytes (sodium chloride , sulfates & phosphates), pigment ,urochome(bilirubin & bile pigments)
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| how is urine expelled from the body? | from the kidneys -> 2 ureters -> bladder -> urethra
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| what muscles are involved in expelling urine? | 2 sphincters--involuntary internal urethral sphincter formed by the continuation of the bladders smooth muscle) & voluntary external sphincter( formed by the muscle of the pelvic floor)
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| where is urine formed? | internal renal medulla
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| how does urine get flitered? | glomerulus capillaires & vessels within the glomerular
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| what are all the parts of nephron? | glomerular capsule ,glomerulus , renal tubule , proximal tubule ,nephron loop ,descending & ascending limbs & distal tubule , afferent & efferent arterioles 7 peritubulur capillaires
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| what is the normal daily output? | 1500ml
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| what does the JG apparatus excrete? | renin to increase BP
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| where are the parts of the renal system locate within the body? |
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| excretion of urine is through | urethra
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| the urinary system regulate_____under direction of certain hormones it controls blood & interstitial fluids which directly affects____ | blood volume /BP
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| the urinary system is comprised of the following structures | kidneys , ureters ,bladder & urethra
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| the kidneys _______blood process_______into tubular fluid then urine | filter/filtrate
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| the____transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder via___ | ureters/peristalsis
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| the urinary bladder is the resivoir for the urine until ______occurs | miturition
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| the transport of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body | urethra
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| the kidneys are located in retroperitoneal on the _____ _____ wall | posterior abdonminal
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| the kidneys have a concave medial border ____where the vessels , & ureter connect w/kidneys | hilum
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| the hilum is continuous w/an internal space called | renal sinus
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| the kidney is divided into an outer ___ ___ & an inner ___ ____ | renal cortex/renal medulla
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| the medulla of the kidney looks ___ then the cortex | darker
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| the apex(tip) of the renal pyramid is called | renal papilla
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| sm organs that sit in the retroperitoneal at about the level of the pelvis these organs filter the blood by removing acids, toxins ,& urea out of the blood stream | kidneys
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| the kidneys consist of two distinct regions | renal parenchyma & renal pelvis
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| the renal parenchyma is divided into the | cortex & medulla
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| what vessels supplies blood to the renal artery | abd. aorta
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| what vessel recieves blood from the renal vien | inferior vena cava
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| what are the organs of the urinary system | two kidneys , two ureters ,bladder & urethra
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| what are some systems other then the urinary system that eliminates waste | digestive ,respiratory & integumentary systems
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| what is the outer region of the kidney called | renal cortex
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| what is the inner region of the kidney | renal medulla
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| the kidneys are located in the | retroperitoneal space
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| where is the retroperitoneal space | posterior to the peritoneum
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| what vessels supplies blood to the kidneys | renal artery
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| what vessel drains blood from the kidneys | renal vein
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| what are the functional units of the kidneys | nephron
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| what name is given to the coil of capillaries in the glomerular (bowmans )capsule | glomerulus
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| which of the two convoluted tubules arises closer to the glomerular capsule | proximal tubule
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| which convoluted tubule is farther away from the glomerular capsule | distal tubule
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| what is glomerular filtration | movement of materials under pressure from the blood into the nephrons glomerular capsule
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| what are the 4 processes involved in the formation of urine | glomerular filtration , tubular reabsorption ,tubular secretion & countercurrent mechanism for concentrating urine
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| what substances is produced by the JG appartus | renin when BP drops
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| under what condition is renin produced | low sodium in the filtrate leaving the nephron
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| what gland does the urethra pass through in the male | prostate gland
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| what is the name of the tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder | ureters
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| what openings form the bladder trigones | ureters & urethra
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| what is the name of the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside | urethra
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| what are some normal constitutes of urine | nitrogen waste, electrolytes & pigment
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| what are some avenues through which water is lost | skin , lungs ,kidneys & intestines
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| in what way is most water lost in a day | urine
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| what are two main compartments into which body fluids are grouped | intracellular & extracellular fluid
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| where is the control center for sense of thirst located | hypothalmus
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| what ions are the highest in extracellular fluids | sodium & chloride
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| what ions are the highest in intracellular | potassium & phosphate
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| what is the main cation in the extracellular & intracellular fluid | ex:sodium & in:potassium
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| what is the main anion in extracellular fluid | chloride
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| what are some mechanisms for regulating electrolytes in the body fluids | some electrolytes are lost through feces & sweat ,kidneys have the main job of balancing electrolytes , several hormones aldosterone,ADH,ANP, PTH & vit-d
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| what are the 3 mechanism for maintaining the acid base balance of body fluids | buffer systems , respiration & kidney functions
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| removal & elimination of unwanted substances from the blood | excretion
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| reservoir that receives & stores urine brought to it by 2 ureters | bladder
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| nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine;end product of protein metabolism | urea
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| when the kidneys do not get enough O2 they produce | erythropotetin
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| on the medial border there is a notch where the renal artery , renal vein & ureters connect w/ the kidneys | hilum
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| a number of cone shaped structures called | renal pyramids
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| tips of the renal pyramids | renal pelvis
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| funnel shaped basin that forms the upper ureter | renal pelvis
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| cup like extension of the renal pelvis surrounded by the tips of the pyramids & collect urine | calyx
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| each nephron begins with a hollow shaped bulb known as | glomerular capsule
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| then the next structure gets its name from the cluster of capillaries it contains | glomerulus
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| the combined unit of the____ &_____is the nephron's _____device | glomerulus & glomerular capsule /filtering
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| the remainder of the nephron is essentially a tiny coiled tube | renal tubule or the proximal convoluted tubule
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| the renal tubule then uncoils to form a hairpin shaped segment | nephron loop or loop of henle
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| the first part of the loop of henle which carries fluid toward the medulla | descending limb
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| carries fluid away from the medulla | ascending limb
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| continuing from the ascending limb the tubule coils once again into the | distal tubule or distal convoluted tubule
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| each renal tubule empties into | collecting duct
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| each kidney contains about _____nephrons | 1 mill
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| a sm blood vessel that supplies the glomerulus w/blood | afferent arterioles
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| sm vessel that carries blood away from the glomerulus | efferent arterioles
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| capillary network that surrounds the renal tubule | peritubular capillaries
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| proximal & distal tubules of the nephron are within the | renal cortex
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| nephron loop & collecting ducts extend into the | medulla
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| the process of urine begins in | glomerulus
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| water reasorption from the collecting duct is influenced by | ADH
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| makes the walls of the collecting duct more permeable to water | ADH
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| internal mechanism for maintaining adequate filtration pressure | JG apperatus
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| lies at the point where the DCT contacts the afferent arteriols | JG Apperatus
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| specific gravity | H2O=1.000,diluted urine 1.002,concentrated urine 1.040
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