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renal A&P
Study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the differences b/w the R & L kidney? | R kidney is slightly lower than the L kidney to accommodate for the liver |
| what does the urine normally contain? | nitrogenous waste(urea, uric acid & creatinine) electrolytes (sodium chloride , sulfates & phosphates), pigment ,urochome(bilirubin & bile pigments) |
| how is urine expelled from the body? | from the kidneys -> 2 ureters -> bladder -> urethra |
| what muscles are involved in expelling urine? | 2 sphincters--involuntary internal urethral sphincter formed by the continuation of the bladders smooth muscle) & voluntary external sphincter( formed by the muscle of the pelvic floor) |
| where is urine formed? | internal renal medulla |
| how does urine get flitered? | glomerulus capillaires & vessels within the glomerular |
| what are all the parts of nephron? | glomerular capsule ,glomerulus , renal tubule , proximal tubule ,nephron loop ,descending & ascending limbs & distal tubule , afferent & efferent arterioles 7 peritubulur capillaires |
| what is the normal daily output? | 1500ml |
| what does the JG apparatus excrete? | renin to increase BP |
| where are the parts of the renal system locate within the body? | |
| excretion of urine is through | urethra |
| the urinary system regulate_____under direction of certain hormones it controls blood & interstitial fluids which directly affects____ | blood volume /BP |
| the urinary system is comprised of the following structures | kidneys , ureters ,bladder & urethra |
| the kidneys _______blood process_______into tubular fluid then urine | filter/filtrate |
| the____transports urine from the kidneys to the bladder via___ | ureters/peristalsis |
| the urinary bladder is the resivoir for the urine until ______occurs | miturition |
| the transport of urine from the bladder to the outside of the body | urethra |
| the kidneys are located in retroperitoneal on the _____ _____ wall | posterior abdonminal |
| the kidneys have a concave medial border ____where the vessels , & ureter connect w/kidneys | hilum |
| the hilum is continuous w/an internal space called | renal sinus |
| the kidney is divided into an outer ___ ___ & an inner ___ ____ | renal cortex/renal medulla |
| the medulla of the kidney looks ___ then the cortex | darker |
| the apex(tip) of the renal pyramid is called | renal papilla |
| sm organs that sit in the retroperitoneal at about the level of the pelvis these organs filter the blood by removing acids, toxins ,& urea out of the blood stream | kidneys |
| the kidneys consist of two distinct regions | renal parenchyma & renal pelvis |
| the renal parenchyma is divided into the | cortex & medulla |
| what vessels supplies blood to the renal artery | abd. aorta |
| what vessel recieves blood from the renal vien | inferior vena cava |
| what are the organs of the urinary system | two kidneys , two ureters ,bladder & urethra |
| what are some systems other then the urinary system that eliminates waste | digestive ,respiratory & integumentary systems |
| what is the outer region of the kidney called | renal cortex |
| what is the inner region of the kidney | renal medulla |
| the kidneys are located in the | retroperitoneal space |
| where is the retroperitoneal space | posterior to the peritoneum |
| what vessels supplies blood to the kidneys | renal artery |
| what vessel drains blood from the kidneys | renal vein |
| what are the functional units of the kidneys | nephron |
| what name is given to the coil of capillaries in the glomerular (bowmans )capsule | glomerulus |
| which of the two convoluted tubules arises closer to the glomerular capsule | proximal tubule |
| which convoluted tubule is farther away from the glomerular capsule | distal tubule |
| what is glomerular filtration | movement of materials under pressure from the blood into the nephrons glomerular capsule |
| what are the 4 processes involved in the formation of urine | glomerular filtration , tubular reabsorption ,tubular secretion & countercurrent mechanism for concentrating urine |
| what substances is produced by the JG appartus | renin when BP drops |
| under what condition is renin produced | low sodium in the filtrate leaving the nephron |
| what gland does the urethra pass through in the male | prostate gland |
| what is the name of the tube that carries urine from the kidneys to the bladder | ureters |
| what openings form the bladder trigones | ureters & urethra |
| what is the name of the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside | urethra |
| what are some normal constitutes of urine | nitrogen waste, electrolytes & pigment |
| what are some avenues through which water is lost | skin , lungs ,kidneys & intestines |
| in what way is most water lost in a day | urine |
| what are two main compartments into which body fluids are grouped | intracellular & extracellular fluid |
| where is the control center for sense of thirst located | hypothalmus |
| what ions are the highest in extracellular fluids | sodium & chloride |
| what ions are the highest in intracellular | potassium & phosphate |
| what is the main cation in the extracellular & intracellular fluid | ex:sodium & in:potassium |
| what is the main anion in extracellular fluid | chloride |
| what are some mechanisms for regulating electrolytes in the body fluids | some electrolytes are lost through feces & sweat ,kidneys have the main job of balancing electrolytes , several hormones aldosterone,ADH,ANP, PTH & vit-d |
| what are the 3 mechanism for maintaining the acid base balance of body fluids | buffer systems , respiration & kidney functions |
| removal & elimination of unwanted substances from the blood | excretion |
| reservoir that receives & stores urine brought to it by 2 ureters | bladder |
| nitrogenous waste product excreted in the urine;end product of protein metabolism | urea |
| when the kidneys do not get enough O2 they produce | erythropotetin |
| on the medial border there is a notch where the renal artery , renal vein & ureters connect w/ the kidneys | hilum |
| a number of cone shaped structures called | renal pyramids |
| tips of the renal pyramids | renal pelvis |
| funnel shaped basin that forms the upper ureter | renal pelvis |
| cup like extension of the renal pelvis surrounded by the tips of the pyramids & collect urine | calyx |
| each nephron begins with a hollow shaped bulb known as | glomerular capsule |
| then the next structure gets its name from the cluster of capillaries it contains | glomerulus |
| the combined unit of the____ &_____is the nephron's _____device | glomerulus & glomerular capsule /filtering |
| the remainder of the nephron is essentially a tiny coiled tube | renal tubule or the proximal convoluted tubule |
| the renal tubule then uncoils to form a hairpin shaped segment | nephron loop or loop of henle |
| the first part of the loop of henle which carries fluid toward the medulla | descending limb |
| carries fluid away from the medulla | ascending limb |
| continuing from the ascending limb the tubule coils once again into the | distal tubule or distal convoluted tubule |
| each renal tubule empties into | collecting duct |
| each kidney contains about _____nephrons | 1 mill |
| a sm blood vessel that supplies the glomerulus w/blood | afferent arterioles |
| sm vessel that carries blood away from the glomerulus | efferent arterioles |
| capillary network that surrounds the renal tubule | peritubular capillaries |
| proximal & distal tubules of the nephron are within the | renal cortex |
| nephron loop & collecting ducts extend into the | medulla |
| the process of urine begins in | glomerulus |
| water reasorption from the collecting duct is influenced by | ADH |
| makes the walls of the collecting duct more permeable to water | ADH |
| internal mechanism for maintaining adequate filtration pressure | JG apperatus |
| lies at the point where the DCT contacts the afferent arteriols | JG Apperatus |
| specific gravity | H2O=1.000,diluted urine 1.002,concentrated urine 1.040 |
Created by:
carolyne33
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