axial muscle/chp 10/brulte/marieb
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| What is the Fx of the Axial muscles? | positions head,vertebral column,moves ribs when breathing
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| Axial muscles do not move or stabilize the ____ or ___ girdle. | pectoral or pelvic girdle
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| Axial muscles include pelvic floor | True
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| What are the areas considered part of the pelvic floor | extends between the sacrum and pelvic girdle,forming muscular perineum (closes the pelvic outlet)
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| ___ muscles tend to be large and cover smaller ,deeper muscles. | superficial
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| What is innervation? | motor nerve supply to a certain organ or structure
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| Which muscle contricts or purses your lips? | orbicularis orisO = maxilla & mandible I = lips
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| Which muscle works with the masseter to chew food with teethe from the cheeks? | buccinatorO = alveolar process of mjaxilla and mandibleI= fibers of orbicularis oris
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| The _____ muscle is also improtant for infants suckling reflex. | buccinator
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| Frontal belly and Ociipital belly is separated by a collagenous sheet or ______ | epicranial aponeurosis or galea aponeurotica
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| The muscles of amstication or chewing move the mandible at the _____ | TMJ (temporomandibular joint)
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| What is the most powerful and important of all chewing muscles? | masseterO= zygomatic archI= mandibular ramus
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| What is the action of the masseter & the Temporalis? | elevates mandible and closes jaw during chewing
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| Which muscle makes you frown? | Depressor anguli orisO= mandible bodyI= skin at angle of mouth
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| Which muscle assists in chewing,is found in the neck area,& depresses mandible? | Platysma O= thorax between cartilage of 2nd rib and acromion of scapula
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| Where does Temporalis m. insert? | I= coronoid process of mandibleA= elevate mandible/ close jaw
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| Which cranial nerve is connected to muscles of mastication? | 5th (Trigeminal)
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| What is the FX of Extrinsic tongue muscles ? | move the tongue for proper speech
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| What is the FX of the Intrinsic tongue muscles? | prepare food for swallowing
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| Which carnial nerve is for tongue muscles? | 12th- hypoglossal
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| What is the FX of the anterior neck muscles? | 1)control positon of larynx 2)depress mandible3) tense floor of mouth4) provide stable foundation for muscles of tongue and pharynx
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| What are the 3 distinct layers of back muscles? | 1) superficial2) intermediate3) deep
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| The ___ layer of vertebral column move the neck. | superficial
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| The ___layer of muscles running longitudinally extends the vertebral column | intermediate
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| The deepest layerof intrinsic back muscles ____ the vertebrae. | interconnect
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| Name 2 superficial back muscles thaqt fdall under asppendicular system | trapezius and latissimus dorsi (move the pectoral girdle & upper limbs
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| What are the 3 subdivisions of the erector spinae within the intermediate layer of thoracic area | SLI= spinalis, longissimus,iliocostales thoracis
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| Where do the erector spinae (SLI) insert? | lower cervical and upper thoracis
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| hich group of the erector spinae are closest to the spine or vertebral column? | spinalis thoraci
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| Which erector spinae is farthest from the vertebral column> | iliocostalis
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| When contracting together,the erector spinae ____ the vertebral column | extend
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| If only one side of the vertebral column contracts, there is lateral _____ | flexion
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| The deep layer that interconnects and stabilizes the vertebrae include: | interspinalis & intertransversarii
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| What is the origin/insertion point and FX of the Interspinalis | O/I = spinous process of each vertebrae (medial part of vertebrarae)FX: extend
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| Where is the Intertransversarii located? | transverse processes of vertebraeFX: lateral flexion of vertebral column
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| Why does the vertebral column not need many flexors? | 1) many large trunk muscles flex the column during contraction2) most body weight is in the anterior front3) gravity tends to flex muscles
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| Where do muscles of the oblique and rectus group lie between? | vertebral column and ventral (belly) mid line
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| What is the FX of the oblique muscles? | compress underlying structures or rotate the vertebral column
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| The restus muscles are improtant ____ and are antagonistic to the erector spinae | flexors
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| What 3 muscles separate the thoracic from the abdominopelvic area? | 1) oblique muscles2) rectus muscles3) diaphragm
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| The ___ and ___ muscles can be divided into cervical,thoracic,and abdominal groups | rectus and oblique
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| The oblique group within the cervical region include ___ | scalene muscles
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| The oblique group within the thoracic region includes ___ and ____. | intercostal & transversus abdominis
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| What is FX of external and internal intercostals? | respiration (breathing)
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| Where are intercostal muscles located and what shape do they reflect? | O= superior border of each ribs (within the ribs)I= inferior (lower) border of the upper ribFX: depress ribsInternal shape = A
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| What is the FX of external intercostals? | Fx= elevate ribsexternal shape = Vlocated: above internal intercostals
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| The internal/external obliques strengthen the walls of the ___ | abdomen; same patterns as internal/external intercostals; internal = A external = V
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| What divides the rectus abdominis muscle? | linea alba
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| Where does rectus abdominis start off? | xiphoid process and ends by the pubic symphysis (by pelvic region)
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| What is the FX of rectus abdominis? | depress ribs;flexion of spinal column
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| Where is the Transversus abdominis? | O= cartilages of ribs 6-12 & iliac crestI= linea alba; pubis
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| What is the FX of transversus abdominis? | compress abs
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| As a modifier,what does diaphragm mean? | muscular sheet that forms a wall
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| What does the Diaphragm or diaphragmatic muscle do? | partition separating abdominopelvic and thoracic
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| What is the FX of the diaphragm? | respiration
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| WHEN DIAPHRAGM CONTRACTS,THE VOLUME OF THORACIC CAVITY PROMOTES ____ | inspiration (inhale or breathe in)
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| When diaphragm is at rest,it decreases the vol of thoracic cavity by ____ | expiration (exhale/breathe out)
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