AP Euro Review
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| Spain/Portugal 15th | Catholic; Exploration; Dias; de Gama; Treaty of Tordesillas
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| Treaty of Tordesillas | Between Spain and Portugal- divided up New World; Spain got better deal
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| France 15th | 100 years war (won)
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| England/GB 15th | 100 years war (lost), Tutor Family (1485)
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| Low Countries 15th | Northern Renaissance
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| HRE/Germany 15th | Gutenberg; Northern Renaissance
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| Italy 15th | Renaissance (1420-1530); da Vinci; Masaccio (painter)
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| C/E Europe 15th | Rise of the Ottoman Empire
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| Spain/Portugal 16th | Spanish Armada; Exploration; Wars of Religion (tried to make Netherlands Catholic); silver/sugar; Magellan (around the world); Philip II (under him Spain had reached height of influence etc.); Hapsburg; Jesuits
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| France 16th | Wars of Religion; Catherine de Medici; Edict of Nantes; Henry IV; Bourbon Family
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| Edict of Nantes | Ended the Wars of Religion, granted rights to Huguenots (Protestants)
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| England/GB 16th | English Reformation; Henry VIII; Act of Supremacy; Elizabeth I (politique); Mary Queen of Scots
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| Low Countries 16th | William of Orange; Duke of Alba
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| Act of Supremacy | puts Henry VIII as head of the Church of England
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| HRE/Germany 16th | Martin Luther (didn't agree with indulgences, sola scriptura, priesthood of all believers); Reformation; Peace of Augsburg; Diet of Worms
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| Peace of Augsburg | allowed for Lutheranism and Catholicism
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| Italy 16th | Reformation; Counter-reformation; Baroque; Machiavelli; Council of Trent
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| C/E Europe 16th | Calvinism; Zwingli; Habsburg (Austria; Copernicus ; Marburg Colloquy
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| Spain/Portugal 17th | 30 years war; starting to slip
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| France 17th | Cardinal Richelieu (rules until Louis 13 old enough); Louis 13; Louis 14 (Versailles etc);mercantilism; Scientific Revolution; Descartes (graph, method of doubt)
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| Mercantilism | only so much wealth, source of wealth- precious metals, more exports than imports, want to acquire colonies
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| England/GB 17th | Petition of Rights; Civil War; Glorious Revolution; Agricultural Revolution; Stuart Family;Locke/Hobbes
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| Petition of Right 1628 | no taxation without the consent of Parliament, no imprisonment without cause, no quartering of soldiers on subjects, and no martial law in peacetime
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| Locke/Hobbs | Hobbes-country should be ruled by dictator because people are bad
Locke- natural rights
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| Low Countries 17th | Peace of Westphalia; Dutch Golden Age; Baroque-Rembrant
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| Peace of Westphalia | extend Peace of Augsburg to include Calvinism
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| HRE/Germany 17th | 30 years war; Peace of Westphalia; Rise of Prussia
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| Italy 17th | Scientific Revolution; Galieo, Bacon etc.; Baroque-Bernini, Caravaggio
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| C/E Europe 17th | Gustavous- Swedish leader in 30 years war
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| Spain/Portugal 18th | War of Spanish Succession; Bourbon Family
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| France 18th | THE French Revolution (1789-1799); lose 7 years war; Enlightenment (Voltaire-free of speech/relgion, Russo-social contract, Montesque-seperation of power); Rise of Napoleon; Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen
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| Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen | basic charters of human liberties, inspired French Revolution
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| England/GB 18th | Enlightenment (Smith, Hume); Strengthen Parliament role-PM job; Enclosure Act; 7 years war (win); Late 18th-beginning of IR
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| Low Countries 18th | Power declining; great shipping nations; Spinoza
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| HRE/Germany 18th | War of Austrian Succession; Frederick the Great
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| Italy 18th | Little enlightenment
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| C/E Europe 18th | Pragmatic Sanction- Maria Teresa; Mozart; Poland Partition; Joseph II- religious tolerant
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| Spain/Portugal 19th | lose colonies; Romantic art- Goya; Napoleon invades
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| France 19th | Napoleonic Wars, Paris Commune; lots of revolution; Impressionism/romanticism
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| England/GB 19th | Industrial Revolution; center of culture; socially liberal; Gladstone v Disraeli; Darwin
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| Low Countries 19th | Belgium-independent; Van Gogh
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| HRE/Germany 19th | Bismark (conservative, welfare state); Franco-Prussian War; Germany state- 1871; Romanticism (Beethoven, Brahms, Goethe)
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| Italy 19th | Italian Unification
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| 3 leaders of Italian Unification | Garibaldi (sword)- military leader, united people in South
Mazzini (Heart)- romantic republican
Cavour (head)- PM of Piedmont, similar mindset to Bismark-all about the $
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| C/E 19th | Congress of Vienna; Metternich; Growth of Austria/Hungary
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| Congress of Vienna | reorganized Europe after Napoleonic wars
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| Berlin Conference | Divided up Africa, (HRE/Germany didn't participate because of Bismark)
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| Spain/Portugal 20th | Civil War; Franco-until 1975
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| France 20th | conquered by Germany twice; WWI (allied with Great Britain, France, Russia and Italy); WWII; existentialism; treaty of rome
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| French Republics (3rd-5th) | 3rd- 1870-1940
4th- 1945-1958
5th- 1958-present
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| England/GB 20th | willingly lose empire; welfare state; Churchill; 60s/70s Thatcher- nationalization of industires
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| Low Countries 20th | Taken over in world wars; creators of EU; socially progressive
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| HRE/Germany 20th | blamed for WWI---resentment---WWII; Berlin Wall falls 1989; Best economy in Europe
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| Treaty of Versailles | Germany not allowed to participate in conference, completely blamed for WWI and told to pay for whole war (absurd amount for money)
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| Italy 20th | WWI-free agent; Mussolini;facisim; major political instability;
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| C/E Europe 20th | WWI-destroyed Ottoman Empire; Warsaw Pact (1955); 1956 tried some revolution-squashed by SU; 1968- Prague Spring; 1989 Berlin Wall falls (all peaceful but Romania)
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| 1648 | End of 30 years war--Peace of Augsburg, Netherlands independent
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| 1763 | End of 7 years war--because of violation of P.Sanction, Prussia now power
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| 1789 | Beginning of French Revolution
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| 1815 | End of Napoleonic Wars
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| 1914 | Beginning of WWI
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| 1918 | End of WWI
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| 1945 | End of WWII
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| 1989 | Berlin Wall falls- end of Cold War
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| 1939 | Beginning of WWII
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| Cold War years | 1947-1991
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| Treaty of Rome | Beginning of EU
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| Maastricht Treaty | officially formed EU
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| 1848 | Revolutions:
GB-none
Russia- no (too conservative)
France
Habsburg- serfs abolished
Italy- pope renounced support for unification
German
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| DBQ requirements | POV-4-5
Analyze-8+
Use all documents
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| When were Russian serfs freed? | 1861 by Alexander II
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