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semester 2

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show Muscles of facial expression esp. orbicularis oris, but also buccinator, levator anguli & labii superioris, depressor anguli & labii inferioris, mentalis, risorius, platysma, zygomaticus major & minor. Haired skin. Mucous membrane w/labial salivary gland.  
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show The red area/transition btwn extern & internal skin of the lips.  
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show To separate the upper lip from the cheeks.  
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What is the purpose of the mentolabial sulcus?   show
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What is the philtrum?   show
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show The lateral angle btwn upper and lower lips. Will usually be at about 1st premolar in neutral.  
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What is the labial frenula?   show
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Where does blood to the lips come from?   show
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show Submandibular lymph nodes.  
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show Submental nodes (and some will cross near midline).  
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What is motor innervation to lips? Sensory?   show
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What makes up the cheeks?   show
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Where does blood to the cheeks come from?   show
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show Tributaries of facial & transverse facial veins, and pterygoid plexus.  
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show Tributaries of similarly named arteries, then into facial veins, and pterygoid plexus. Then ophthalmic veins & emissary veins to cavernous sinus.  
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Where does lymph drain into from the cheeks?   show
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show Motor is buccal branches of CN7. Sensory is buccal branch of mandibular (V3) & zygomatical facial and infraorbital branches of maxillary (V2).  
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What do the mylohyoid and geniohyoid form? Where are they located?   show
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Where does the mylohyoid attach?   show
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show NOWHERE. IT IS FREE OF ATTACHMENTS. Rather, it forms one of the borders of the gap btwn superior and middle constrictors.  
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Where does the geniohyoid attach?   show
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show Just superior to mylohyoid muscle. On either side of midline.  
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What does the mylohyoid do?   show
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What does the geniohyoid do?   show
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What innervates mylohyoid?   show
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What is the path of nerve to mylohyoid?   show
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What innervates geniohyoid?   show
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What is the path of C1 for geniohyoid?   show
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show COMPLETELY OUTSIDE the oral cavity. Partoid duct goes anterior and superficial to masseter, and then pierces buccinators & enters oral cavity on cheek, opposite to 2nd molar.  
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Where is the superficial part of submandibular gland located?   show
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Where is the deep part of submandibular gland located?   show
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show Comes out deep part of gland & goes anterior on flow of mouth to open on sublingual caruncle next to base of frenulum of tongue.  
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What nerve loops around the submandibular duct?   show
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show ENTIRELY WITHIN oral cavity. Deep to mucosa in floor of mouth. Just superior to mylohyoid line & forms sublingual fossa of mandible. Lateral to hyoglossus posteriorly, while it is the genioglossus anteriorly, with the lingual nerve & ducts in btwn.  
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Where does the sublingual gland's duct go?   show
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What is the blood supply for the parotid gland?   show
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show Branches off facial & lingual arteries.  
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Where does lymph drain for submandibular and sublingual glands?   show
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Where does lymph drain for parotid gland?   show
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show If superior to oral fissure, it will be via greater petrosal and pterygopalatine ganglion via branches of maxillary. If below oral fissure, it is through chorda tympani to submandibular ganglion and then via lingual (v3)  
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show Lesser petrosal and otic ganglion via auriculotemporal of V3.  
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show superior salivatory nucleus > nervous intermedius (small CN7 root)> thru internal acoustic meatus w/rest of CN7 > splits off before rest of CN7 exits thru stylomastoid foramen in temporal bone > leaves petrotympanic fissure > joins lingual nerve >...  
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...SYNAPSES in submandibular ganglion! > ...   show
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show Mostly vasomotor stuff, but will also adjust what gets secreted.  
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show Pregang cell body in lateral horn > ventral root > white rami > up sympathetic trunk > synapse on postgang neuron in superior cervical ganglion > follows blood vessels OR deep petrosal & then off from pterygopalatine ganglion to salivary gland.  
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show speech, mastication, taste & swallowing  
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Where does the root of the tongue attach to? What does the inferior surface of the tongue attach to?   show
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What separates the body of the tongue from the root?   show
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What does the terminal sulcus point to? What did that structure used to be?   show
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show lingual papillae and some contain taste buds. taste butds are on fungiform, vallate & foliate papillae, but NOT filiform.  
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show Most numerous are filiform. Vallate papillae have moats, and we usually only have like 8-12. Fungiform are large, sparse, and scattered.  
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show No. The posterior 1/3 does not have any.  
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What *does* the dorsal mucosa of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue contain?   show
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What is the difference btwn extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue?   show
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What are all the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?   show
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show Superior mental spines anteriorly, superior anterior pt of hyoid body. Rest of it attaches to whole length of tongue.  
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Where is the genioglossus?   show
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show tongue protrusion via superior and anterior fibers. tongue depression in the center via middle fibers.  
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Where does the styloglossus attach?   show
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What does the styloglossus do?   show
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Where does the hyoglossus attach?   show
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show Inferior part goes between styloglossus laterally & genioglossus w/inferior longitud. muscle of tongue medially. Passes btwn middle & superior constrictor & mylohyoid to reach tongue.  
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What nerves and vessels run alongside the hyoglossus?   show
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What does the hyoglossus do?   show
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show Palatine aponeurosis above and down to intermingle w/intrinsic tongue muscles in posterolateral aspect of tongue.  
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What does the palatoglossus do?   show
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show superior longitudinal muscle, inferior longitudinal muscle, transverse muscle & verticle muscle  
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show Just deep to mucous membrane on dorsum of tongue from apex to base along margins. Curls tongue up (like rolling your tongue) & shortens it.  
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show Runs on inferior surface of tongue longitudinally btwn genioglossus & hyoglossus. Goes from base to apex. Will curl tongue down and longitudinally. Also shortens tongue tho.  
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Where is the transverse muscle? What does it do?   show
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What does the transverse muscle fibers blend with?   show
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show Mainly anterior pt of tongue. Goes vertically btwn superior and inferior longitudinal muscle. Flattens & broadens the tongue.  
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What supplies motor innervation to the tongue?   show
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show Vagus...like w/most of the other palate muscles.  
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show Comes out hypoglossus canal medial & posterior to carotid sheath contents > sweeps around laterally to all that > loops around occipital artery near angle of mandible > passes deep to posterior digastric > runs lateral to hyoglossus & deep to mylohyoid  
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Where do the terminal branches of the hypoglossal nerve go?   show
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What supplies sensory innervation to tongue?   show
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Where does the lingual nerve arise? How does it travel?   show
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show It goes down into pharynx by accompanying stylopharyngeus btwn superior & middle constrictor. Will enter pharyngeal pt of tongue by passing deep to styloglossus & hyoglossus.  
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show Palatine tonsil  
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show Thru lingual nerve then thru chordate tympani to neuron cell bodies in geniculate ganglion for CN7.  
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Where does taste info from taste buds on the vallate papillae and posterior tongue go?   show
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Where does taste from a small area of posterior tongue AND epiglottis go?   show
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What is the main arterial supply to the tongue?   show
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show The hypoglossal nerve, posterior digastric & sylohyoid muscle all cross it laterally.  
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How does the lingual artery get to the oral cavity?   show
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Where does the lingual artery branch? What does it branch into?   show
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show It is near the inferior surface of the tongue by the frenulum & sublinqual artery.  
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Where does the sublingual artery run?   show
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What supplies blood to root of tongue?   show
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show Via veins that accompany dorsal lingual artery, deep lingual artery & sublinqual artery. Those drain into lingual vein OR vena comitans of hypoglossal nerve.  
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show It depends on where you are coming from on the tongue...So...  
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Where does lymph drain from root of the tongue?   show
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Where does lymph drain from central part of the tongue (body of tongue)?   show
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show First goes to submandibular nodes.  
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Where does lymph from the tongue apex drain into?   show
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show Dense fibrous CT covered with mucous membrane attached to alveolar processes of maxillae & mandible.  
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What is the function of teeth?   show
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show 2 sets. 1st set is deciduous teeth. 2nd set are permanent teeth.  
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When do you see deciduous teeth?   show
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When do you first see permanent teeth?   show
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show Crown, root, neck, cusp.  
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What is the crown of the tooth? What covers it?   show
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What is the root of the tooth? What is external to this?   show
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What is the neck of the tooth?   show
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To what is the root of the tooth attached, and how does it stay put?   show
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show Dentine  
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show CT, nerves & blood vessels. It is in the center of the tooth.  
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How do the blood vessels & nerves get into the tooth?   show
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show Vestibular, lingual, mesial, distal & occlusal.  
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show The part of the tooth that face the cheek/lip.  
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show The part of the tooth that faces IN toward the tongue & palate  
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show The part of the tooth that contacts the other tooth medially.  
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What is the distal surface of the tooth?   show
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show The surface that touches the opposite tooth in the opposite jaw.  
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What are the different types of teeth?   show
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show chisel shaped crown. will cut stuff. roots are single & conical.  
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What do the crowns look like for canines? What do the roots look like? What are the used for?   show
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show Two cusps (a labial & lingual) on crowns separated by groove. Single root & the end/apex might be bifid. Helps in chewing.  
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show Crowns will have 3-5 cusps. Grinding.  
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What is the difference between maxillary and mandibular molars?   show
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show These are the last molars of each jaw & will usually have fused roots.  
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show 12 extra teeth. There are 20 deciduous teeth (4 incisors, 2 canine, 4 molars, all x2) & 32 permanent teeth (4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 premolars & 6 molars, all X2).  
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show 13-25 yo  
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What supplies mandibular teeth with blood?   show
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show Posterior alveolar artery, or a direct branch off maxillary, or middle & anterior superior alveolar artieres off infraorbital artery.  
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show It depends on where you are....  
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show Inferior alveolar or superior alveolar arteries.  
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show Supplied by lingual artery  
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show Supplied ANTERIORLY by sphenopalatine artery. Supplied POSTERIORLY by greater palatine artery.  
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show The pterygoid plexus as well as some tributaries to facial vein.  
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show To the submental, submandibular & deep cervical lymph nodes.  
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What innervates all teeth?   show
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show Branches off maxillary, including posterior superior alveolar nerve & middle & anterior alveolar nerves off infraorbital nerve.  
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show The inferior alveolar nerves off V3 running thru mandibular canal, and once it goes past mental foramen, it becomes incisive nerve.  
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show V2  
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show V3  
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show Posterior, middle & anterior superior alveolar nerve.  
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What innervates the superior lingual gingiva?   show
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show Mental nerve branch of inferior alveolar.  
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What innervates buccal mandibular gingiva?   show
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show Lingual nerve off V3  
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