Information from exam 2
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| During saltatory conduction | APs occur between successive nodes along the length of stimulated axon
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| MS is associated with a loss of myelin. MS involves | Oligodendrocytes
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| The later part of the rising phase of the action potential is mediated by what kind of ion membrane channel? | Voltage-gated
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| What is true about a graded potential? | Stimulus causes ion channels to open changing membrane permeability
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| A resting transmembrane potential of a cell has a value of approximately | -70 mV
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| Opening of Na+ channels in the membrane of a neuron normally results in | Depolarization
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| What prevents an action potential from traveling in both directions down an axon? | Refractory period
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| A better sprinter has more _____ in their leg muscles than marathon runner does | White muscle fibers
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| Smooth but steady increase in muscle tension produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called | Recruitment
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| What is involved in both synaptic transmission and excitation-contraction coupling? | Calcium
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| Which striated muscle band is directly adjacent to the Z-line? | I-band
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| During relaxation, muscles return to their original length not because of | Renshaw inhibition
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| Muscles return to their original length because of | Elastic forces, the pull of gravity, the contraction of opposing muscles, the elastic nature of the sarcolemma
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| At rest, active sites on the actin are blocked by | Tropomyosin molecules
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| Tropomyosin wraps itself around which other muscle element | F-actin
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| The "powerstroke" in skeletal muscle contraction is directly associated with | Myosin head pivots at joint pulling actin
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| We can distinguish between sensations originating in different body areas because | Receptors from each body region synapse in specific brain regions
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| Diffusion across the Arachnoid Granulations returns excess CSF to | Venous circulation
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| Soon after a person dies and loses all ATP, their skeletal muscles | Stiffen from actin and myosin binding
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| Characteristics of smooth muscle | Have small diameters and lengths compared with skeletal muscles, have actin and myosin, have autorhythmicity, little fatigue with prolong contraction
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| Not a characteristic of smooth muscle | Have striations
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| Which of the following is responsible for reciprocal inhibition | Interneurons in the spinal cord
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| People perceive different intensities of light when their brains receive different | Rates of action potentials
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| Part of the brain closely associated with emotions (pleasure and hunger) | Hypothalamus
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| What is responsible for reciprocal inhibition? | Interneurons in the spinal cord
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| Overseeing the postual muscles of the body and making rapid adjustments to maintain balance and equilibrium are functions of the | Cerebellum
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| The cell bodies of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons are in the | Lateral gray horns of T1 through L2 region of the spinal cord
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| Activity of the parasympathetic ANS mainly | Increases while calmly digestion diner
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| The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are found in the | Brain stem and lateral gray horns of the sacral area of the spinal cord
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| Of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves, each one monitors a particular | Dermatome
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| Large multinucleated cells that can dissolve the bony matrix are termed | Osteoclasts
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| Appositional growth in bones is most closely related to growth in | Bone diameter
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| What decreases the concentration of calcium in the blood | Calcitonin
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| The "shaft" of a long bone is most closely associated with the | Diaphysis
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