Anti-Infectives
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Name the bodies first line of defense | Skin,
membranes,
&
secretions
(tears,
saliva,
etc.)
and
corneal
epithelium.
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| What is the difference between bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic? | Bacteriocidal
–
kills
organisms.
Bacteriostatic
–
inhibits
growth
or
multiplication
of
organism.
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| What is a broad spectrum antibiotic? | One
which
has
a
broad
spectrum
of
activity
for
both
gram
negative
and
positive
organisms
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| What method do we utilize to classify bacteria? | Gram
stain.
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| Can you name three common gram-‐positive bacteria? | Staphylococcus
aureus
and
epidermidis,
Streptococci,
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| Three common gram-‐negative bacteria. | Pseudomonas,
Chlamydia,
Neisseria
(GC),
E
Coli
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| How do bacteria develop resistance? | Through
mutation
(overuse
or
misuse
of
antibiotics)
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| Which two classes of antibiotics have high allergy rates? And what topical antibiotic has a high allergy rate? | Penicillins
and
Sulfonamides.
Topically,
neomycin.
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| Can you name two systemic tetracyclines commonly used in ophthalmology? | Minocycline
and
Doxycline,
Tetracycline,
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| What is the downside of tetracyclines? | Stomach
problems,
sun
sensitivity,
stain
teeth
&
retard
bone
growth
in
children,
cannot
take
with
dairy
products
or
use
during
pregnancy
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| Which macrolid antibiotic is now commonly used in the treatment of blepharitis both in a topical and systemic form? | Azithromycin
very
popular
now.
Erythromycin
works
well,
also.
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| What safe antibiotic is commonly used to treat childhood conjunctivitis and is effective vs. Haemophilus bacteria and pseudomonas? | Trimethoprim.
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| Which class of antibiotics is now commonly used for surgery and treatment of severe infections? | Fluoroquinolones
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| Can you name three fluoroquinolones? | Moxifloxacin,
Gatifloxacin,
Besifloxacin
are
the
newest;,
Ciprofloxacin,
levofloxacin
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| What is the rationale for combining two or more antibiotics? | Gives
a
broader
range
of
spectrum
(especially
for
those
who
do
not
know
what
they
are
treating)
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| What is the disadvantage of combining two or more antibiotics? | Encourages
resistance,
and
possibility
of
increased
toxicity
or
allergies.
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| Can you name two fortified antibiotics? | Amakicin,
Vancomycin,
Cephalosporin’s
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| When are fortified antibiotics indicated? | When
all
other
drugs
fail
or
the
organisms
are
resistant
to
other
drugs
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| Which ophthalmic agents can cause kidney or liver problems? | Penicillins,
vancomycin,
tetracycline
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| What do you know about viruses and their effect? | Are
smallest
of
infectious
agents,
invade
human
cells
causing
cells
to
reproduce
the
virus,
most
are
self
limited,
can
become
dormant
or
latent
in
the
body
with
reoccurrences
are
common
in
immunocompromised
person
(Aids)
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| Name two types of common viruses. | Herpes
simples
and
herpes
zoster,
Adenoviruses
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| How many antiviral topical and oral drugs can you name? | Topical:
Gancyclovir,
Trifluridine;
Oral:
Famcyclovir,
Acyclovir,
Valaciclovir
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| What are the side effects of topical antivirals? | Epithelial
breakdown
with
prolonged
use
–
usually
over
three
weeks
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| What is the advantage of topical gancyclovir? | Does
not
damage
human
cells,
only
the
virus.
Is
more
effective,
and
less
corneal
toxicity
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| What is the only approved topical antifungal ophthalmic drug? | Natamycin
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| Can you name other anti-‐fungal drugs? | Amphotericin
B
and
Voriconazole
🗑
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Created by:
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