Gastrointestinal System -Q – Anatomic Terms & A – Meaning
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| oral cavity | cavity that receives food for digestion
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| salivary glands | three pairs of exocrine glands in the mouth that secrete saliva: the parotid, the submandibular (submaxillary), and the sublingual glands
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| cheeks | lateral walls of the mouth
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| lips | fleshy structures surrounding the mouth
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| palate | structure that forms the roof of the mouth; divided into the hard palate and the soft palate
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| uvula | small projection hanging from the back middle edge of the soft palate
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| tongue | muscular structure of the floor of the mouth covered by mucous membrane and secured by a band-like membrane known as the frenulum
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| gums | tissue covering the processes of the jaws
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| teeth | hard bony projections in the jaws for masticating (chewing) food
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| pharynx | throat; passageway for food traveling to the esophagus and for air traveling to the larynx
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| esophagus | muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach
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| stomach | sac-like organ that chemically mixes and prepares food received from the esophagus
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| cardiac sphincter | opening from the esophagus to the stomach (sphincter = band)
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| pyloric sphincter | opening from the stomach into the duodenum
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| small intestine | smaller tubular structure that digests food received from the stomach
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| duodenum | first portion of the small intestine
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| jejunum | second portion of the small intestine
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| ileum | third portion of the small intestine
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| large intestine | larger tubular structure that receives the liquid waste products of digestion, reabsorbs water and minerals, and forms and stores feces for defecation
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| cecum | first part of the large intestine
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| vermiform appendix | worm-like projection of lymphatic tissue hanging off the cecum with no digestive function; may help to resist infection (vermi = worm)
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| colon | portions of the large intestine extending from the cecum to the rectum; identified by direction or shape
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| ascending colon | portion of the colon that extends upward from the cecum
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| transverse colon | portion of the colon that extends across from the ascending cecum
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| descending colon | portion of the colon that extends downward from the transverse colon
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| sigmoid colon | portion of the colon (resembling an “S” in shape) that terminates at the rectum
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| rectum | distal (end) portion of the large intestine
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| rectal ampulla | dilated portion of the rectum just above the anal canal
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| anus | opening of the rectum to the outside of the body
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| feces | waste formed by the absorption of water in the large intestine; usually solid
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| defecation | evacuation of feces from the rectum
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| peritoneum | membrane surrounding the entire abdominal cavity and consisting of the parietal layer (lining the abdominal wall) and the visceral layer (covering each organ in the abdomen)
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| peritoneal cavity | space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum
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| omentum | an extension of the peritoneum attached to the stomach and connecting it with other abdominal organs
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| liver | organ in the upper right quadrant that produces bile, which is secreted into the duodenum during digestion
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| gallbladder | receptacle that stores and concentrates the bile produced in the liver
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| pancreas | gland that secretes pancreatic juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food
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| biliary ducts | ducts that convey bile; include the hepatic, cystic, and common bile ducts
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Created by:
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