The Eye -Q – Diagnostic Terms & A – Meaning
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| refractive errors | defects in the bending of light as it enters the eye, causing an improper focus on the retina
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| astigmatism | distorted vision caused by an oblong or cylindrical curvature of the lens or cornea that prevents light rays from coming to a single focus on the retina (stigma = point)
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| hyperopia (Fig. 10-3, B) | farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina
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| myopia (Fig. 10-3, C) | nearsightedness; difficulty seeing distant objects when light rays are focused on a point in front of the retina
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| presbyopia | impaired vision caused by old age or loss of accommodation
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| accommodation | ability of the eye to adjust focus on near objects
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| amblyopia | decreased vision in early life because of a functional defect that can occur as a result of strabismus, refractive errors (when one eye is more nearsighted, farsighted, or astigmatic than the other), or trauma; usually occurs in one eye; also known as laz
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| aphakia | absence of the lens, usually after cataract extraction
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| blepharitis | inflammation of the eyelid
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| blepharochalasis | baggy eyelid; overabundance and loss of skin elasticity on the upper eyelid causing a fold of skin to hang down over the edge of the eyelid when the eyes are open (chalasis = a slackening)
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| blepharoptosis | drooping of the eyelid; usually caused by paralysis
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| chalazion | chronic nodular inflammation of a meibomian gland, usually the result of a blocked duct; commonly presents as a swelling on the upper or lower eyelid (chalaza = hailstone)
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| cataract | opaque clouding of the lens causing decreased vision
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| conjunctivitis | pinkeye; inflammation of the conjunctiva
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| dacryoadenitis | inflammation of the lacrimal gland
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| dacryocystitis | inflammation of the tear sac
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| diabetic retinopathy (Fig. 10-6, C; see Fig. 10-13, C) | disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leading to scarring and loss of vision
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| ectropion | outward turning of the rim of the eyelid (tropo = turning)
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| entropion ) | inward turning of the rim of the eyelid
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| epiphora | abnormal overflow of tears caused by blockage of the lacrimal duct (epi = upon; phero = to bear)
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| glaucoma | group of diseases of the eye characterized by increased intraocular pressure that results in damage to the optic nerve, producing defects in vision
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| hordeolum | sty; an acute infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid (hordeum = barley)
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| iritis | inflammation of the iris
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| keratitis | inflammation of the cornea
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| macular degeneration | breakdown or thinning of the tissues in the macula, resulting in partial or complete loss of central vision
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| pseudophakia | an eye in which the natural lens is replaced with an artificial lens implant (pseudo = false)
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| pterygium | fibrous, wing-shaped growth of conjunctival tissue that extends onto the cornea, developing most commonly from prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light
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| retinal detachment | separation of the retina from the underlying epithelium, disrupting vision and resulting in blindness if not repaired surgically
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| retinitis | inflammation of the retina
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| strabismus | a condition of eye misalignment caused by intraocular muscle imbalance (strabismus = a squinting; hetero = other)
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| esotropia | right or left eye deviates inward, toward nose (eso = inward; tropo = turning)
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| exotropia | right or left eye deviates outward, away from nose (exo = out; tropo = turning)
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| scleritis | inflammation of the sclera
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| trichiasis | misdirected eyelashes that rub on the conjunctiva or cornea
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