Cardiovascular System -Q – Diagnostic Term & A – Meaning

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Answer

signs and symptoms indicating an active process of atherosclerotic plaque buildup or formation of a thrombus, or spasm within a coronary artery, causing a reduction or loss of blood flow to myocardial tissue; includes unstable angina and other pathologica

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

🗑

ă-kyūt′ kōr′ăo-nār-ē sin′drōm

🗑

any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

arrhythmia (Fig. 5-11)

🗑

slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/minute)

bradycardia

🗑

chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation

fibrillation

🗑

a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker)

premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

🗑

fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats/minute)

tachycardia

🗑

a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves

bacterial endocarditis

🗑

compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart (tampon = a plug)

cardiac tamponade

🗑

a general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol)

cardiomyopathy

🗑

malformations of the heart that are present at birth (congenital = born with; anomaly = irregularity)

congenital anomaly of the heart

🗑

narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body

coarctation of the aorta

🗑

an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth (patent = open)

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

🗑

an opening in the septum separating the ventricles

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

🗑

failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a “bottleneck” of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body

congestive heart failure (CHF)

🗑

kon-jes′tiv hart fāl′yūr

🗑

left ventricular failure

🗑

left ven-trik′yū-lăr fāl′yūr

🗑

enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs (cor = heart)

cor pulmonale

🗑

a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis

coronary artery disease (CAD) (Fig. 5-12)

🗑

persistently high blood pressure

hypertension (HTN)

🗑

high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors

essential hypertension

🗑

high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (e.g., kidney disease)

secondary hypertension

🗑

protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

🗑

heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck

myocardial infarction (MI) (Fig. 5-13)

🗑

inflammation of myocardium; most often caused by viral or bacterial infection

myocarditis

🗑

inflammation of the pericardium

pericarditis

🗑

damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection)

rheumatic heart disease

🗑

the abrupt cessation of any cardiac output (CO), most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; causes sudden death unless defibrillation is initiated immediately

sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

🗑

formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

🗑

inflammation of a vein

phlebitis

🗑

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation

thrombophlebitis

🗑

′tis

🗑

abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs

varicose veins

🗑

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

🗑

ă-kyūt′ kōr′ăo-nār-ē sin′drōm

🗑

any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

arrhythmia (Fig. 5-11)

🗑

slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/minute)

bradycardia

🗑

chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation

fibrillation

🗑

a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker)

premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

🗑

fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats/minute)

tachycardia

🗑

a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves

bacterial endocarditis

🗑

compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart (tampon = a plug)

cardiac tamponade

🗑

a general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol)

cardiomyopathy

🗑

malformations of the heart that are present at birth (congenital = born with; anomaly = irregularity)

congenital anomaly of the heart

🗑

narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body

coarctation of the aorta

🗑

an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth (patent = open)

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

🗑

an opening in the septum separating the ventricles

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

🗑

congestive heart failure (CHF)

🗑

kon-jes′tiv hart fāl′yūr

🗑

left ventricular failure

🗑

left ven-trik′yū-lăr fāl′yūr

🗑

enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs (cor = heart)

cor pulmonale

🗑

a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis

coronary artery disease (CAD) (Fig. 5-12)

🗑

persistently high blood pressure

hypertension (HTN)

🗑

high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors

essential hypertension

🗑

high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (e.g., kidney disease)

secondary hypertension

🗑

protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

🗑

myocardial infarction (MI) (Fig. 5-13)

🗑

inflammation of myocardium; most often caused by viral or bacterial infection

myocarditis

🗑

inflammation of the pericardium

pericarditis

🗑

damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection)

rheumatic heart disease

🗑

the abrupt cessation of any cardiac output (CO), most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; causes sudden death unless defibrillation is initiated immediately

sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

🗑

formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

🗑

inflammation of a vein

phlebitis

🗑

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation

thrombophlebitis

🗑

′tis

🗑

abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs

varicose veins

🗑

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

🗑

ă-kyūt′ kōr′ăo-nār-ē sin′drōm

🗑

any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat

arrhythmia (Fig. 5-11)

🗑

slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/minute)

bradycardia

🗑

chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation

fibrillation

🗑

a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker)

premature ventricular contraction (PVC)

🗑

fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats/minute)

tachycardia

🗑

a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves

bacterial endocarditis

🗑

compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart (tampon = a plug)

cardiac tamponade

🗑

a general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol)

cardiomyopathy

🗑

malformations of the heart that are present at birth (congenital = born with; anomaly = irregularity)

congenital anomaly of the heart

🗑

narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body

coarctation of the aorta

🗑

an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth (patent = open)

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

🗑

an opening in the septum separating the ventricles

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

🗑

congestive heart failure (CHF)

🗑

kon-jes′tiv hart fāl′yūr

🗑

left ventricular failure

🗑

left ven-trik′yū-lăr fāl′yūr

🗑

enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs (cor = heart)

cor pulmonale

🗑

a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis

coronary artery disease (CAD) (Fig. 5-12)

🗑

persistently high blood pressure

hypertension (HTN)

🗑

high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors

essential hypertension

🗑

high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (e.g., kidney disease)

secondary hypertension

🗑

protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

🗑

myocardial infarction (MI) (Fig. 5-13)

🗑

inflammation of myocardium; most often caused by viral or bacterial infection

myocarditis

🗑

inflammation of the pericardium

pericarditis

🗑

damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection)

rheumatic heart disease

🗑

the abrupt cessation of any cardiac output (CO), most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; causes sudden death unless defibrillation is initiated immediately

sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

🗑

formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

🗑

inflammation of a vein

phlebitis

🗑

inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation

thrombophlebitis

🗑

′tis

🗑

abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs

varicose veins

🗑

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