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034
Cardiovascular System -Q – Diagnostic Term & A – Meaning
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| signs and symptoms indicating an active process of atherosclerotic plaque buildup or formation of a thrombus, or spasm within a coronary artery, causing a reduction or loss of blood flow to myocardial tissue; includes unstable angina and other pathologica | acute coronary syndrome (ACS) |
| 0 | ă-kyūt′ kōr′ăo-nār-ē sin′drōm |
| any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat | arrhythmia (Fig. 5-11) |
| slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/minute) | bradycardia |
| chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation | fibrillation |
| a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker) | premature ventricular contraction (PVC) |
| fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats/minute) | tachycardia |
| a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves | bacterial endocarditis |
| compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart (tampon = a plug) | cardiac tamponade |
| a general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol) | cardiomyopathy |
| malformations of the heart that are present at birth (congenital = born with; anomaly = irregularity) | congenital anomaly of the heart |
| narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body | coarctation of the aorta |
| an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth (patent = open) | patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) |
| an opening in the septum separating the ventricles | ventricular septal defect (VSD) |
| failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a “bottleneck” of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body | congestive heart failure (CHF) |
| 0 | kon-jes′tiv hart fāl′yūr |
| 0 | left ventricular failure |
| 0 | left ven-trik′yū-lăr fāl′yūr |
| enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs (cor = heart) | cor pulmonale |
| a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis | coronary artery disease (CAD) (Fig. 5-12) |
| persistently high blood pressure | hypertension (HTN) |
| high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors | essential hypertension |
| high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (e.g., kidney disease) | secondary hypertension |
| protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood | mitral valve prolapse (MVP) |
| heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck | myocardial infarction (MI) (Fig. 5-13) |
| inflammation of myocardium; most often caused by viral or bacterial infection | myocarditis |
| inflammation of the pericardium | pericarditis |
| damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection) | rheumatic heart disease |
| the abrupt cessation of any cardiac output (CO), most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; causes sudden death unless defibrillation is initiated immediately | sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) |
| formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins | deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
| inflammation of a vein | phlebitis |
| inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation | thrombophlebitis |
| 0 | ′tis |
| abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs | varicose veins |
| signs and symptoms indicating an active process of atherosclerotic plaque buildup or formation of a thrombus, or spasm within a coronary artery, causing a reduction or loss of blood flow to myocardial tissue; includes unstable angina and other pathologica | acute coronary syndrome (ACS) |
| 0 | ă-kyūt′ kōr′ăo-nār-ē sin′drōm |
| any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat | arrhythmia (Fig. 5-11) |
| slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/minute) | bradycardia |
| chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation | fibrillation |
| a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker) | premature ventricular contraction (PVC) |
| fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats/minute) | tachycardia |
| a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves | bacterial endocarditis |
| compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart (tampon = a plug) | cardiac tamponade |
| a general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol) | cardiomyopathy |
| malformations of the heart that are present at birth (congenital = born with; anomaly = irregularity) | congenital anomaly of the heart |
| narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body | coarctation of the aorta |
| an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth (patent = open) | patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) |
| an opening in the septum separating the ventricles | ventricular septal defect (VSD) |
| failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a “bottleneck” of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body | congestive heart failure (CHF) |
| 0 | kon-jes′tiv hart fāl′yūr |
| 0 | left ventricular failure |
| 0 | left ven-trik′yū-lăr fāl′yūr |
| enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs (cor = heart) | cor pulmonale |
| a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis | coronary artery disease (CAD) (Fig. 5-12) |
| persistently high blood pressure | hypertension (HTN) |
| high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors | essential hypertension |
| high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (e.g., kidney disease) | secondary hypertension |
| protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood | mitral valve prolapse (MVP) |
| heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck | myocardial infarction (MI) (Fig. 5-13) |
| inflammation of myocardium; most often caused by viral or bacterial infection | myocarditis |
| inflammation of the pericardium | pericarditis |
| damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection) | rheumatic heart disease |
| the abrupt cessation of any cardiac output (CO), most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; causes sudden death unless defibrillation is initiated immediately | sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) |
| formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins | deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
| inflammation of a vein | phlebitis |
| inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation | thrombophlebitis |
| 0 | ′tis |
| abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs | varicose veins |
| signs and symptoms indicating an active process of atherosclerotic plaque buildup or formation of a thrombus, or spasm within a coronary artery, causing a reduction or loss of blood flow to myocardial tissue; includes unstable angina and other pathologica | acute coronary syndrome (ACS) |
| 0 | ă-kyūt′ kōr′ăo-nār-ē sin′drōm |
| any of several kinds of irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat | arrhythmia (Fig. 5-11) |
| slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/minute) | bradycardia |
| chaotic, irregular contractions of the heart, as in atrial or ventricular fibrillation | fibrillation |
| a ventricular contraction preceding the normal impulse initiated by the SA node (pacemaker) | premature ventricular contraction (PVC) |
| fast heart rate (greater than 100 beats/minute) | tachycardia |
| a bacterial inflammation that affects the endocardium or the heart valves | bacterial endocarditis |
| compression of the heart produced by the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac, as results from pericarditis or trauma, causing rupture of a blood vessel within the heart (tampon = a plug) | cardiac tamponade |
| a general term for disease of the heart muscle, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy (damage to the heart muscle caused by excessive consumption of alcohol) | cardiomyopathy |
| malformations of the heart that are present at birth (congenital = born with; anomaly = irregularity) | congenital anomaly of the heart |
| narrowing of the descending portion of the aorta, resulting in a limited flow of blood to the lower part of the body | coarctation of the aorta |
| an abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth (patent = open) | patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) |
| an opening in the septum separating the ventricles | ventricular septal defect (VSD) |
| failure of the left ventricle to pump an adequate amount of blood to meet the demands of the body, resulting in a “bottleneck” of congestion in the lungs that may extend to the veins, causing edema in lower portions of the body | congestive heart failure (CHF) |
| 0 | kon-jes′tiv hart fāl′yūr |
| 0 | left ventricular failure |
| 0 | left ven-trik′yū-lăr fāl′yūr |
| enlargement of the right ventricle, resulting from chronic disease within the lungs, that causes congestion within the pulmonary circulation and resistance of blood flow to the lungs (cor = heart) | cor pulmonale |
| a condition affecting arteries of the heart that reduces the flow of blood and the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium; most often caused by atherosclerosis | coronary artery disease (CAD) (Fig. 5-12) |
| persistently high blood pressure | hypertension (HTN) |
| high blood pressure attributed to no single cause; risks include smoking, obesity, increased salt intake, hypercholesterolemia, and hereditary factors | essential hypertension |
| high blood pressure caused by the effects of another disease (e.g., kidney disease) | secondary hypertension |
| protrusion of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular contraction, resulting in incomplete closure and backflow of blood | mitral valve prolapse (MVP) |
| heart attack; death of myocardial tissue (infarction) caused by ischemia (loss of blood flow) as a result of an occlusion (plugging) of a coronary artery; usually caused by atherosclerosis; symptoms include pain in the chest or upper body (shoulders, neck | myocardial infarction (MI) (Fig. 5-13) |
| inflammation of myocardium; most often caused by viral or bacterial infection | myocarditis |
| inflammation of the pericardium | pericarditis |
| damage to heart muscle and heart valves by rheumatic fever (a streptococcal infection) | rheumatic heart disease |
| the abrupt cessation of any cardiac output (CO), most commonly as the result of ventricular fibrillation; causes sudden death unless defibrillation is initiated immediately | sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) |
| formation of a clot in a deep vein of the body, occurring most often in the femoral and iliac veins | deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
| inflammation of a vein | phlebitis |
| inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation | thrombophlebitis |
| 0 | ′tis |
| abnormally swollen, twisted veins with defective valves; most often seen in the legs | varicose veins |
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shachi.pandit
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