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Common Blood Chemistry Tests (Melinda Hanson)

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Term
Definition
Albumin aminotransferase (ALT)   Detects liver disease Reference range: 45 U/L or less  
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Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)   Assists in dx of liver & bone disease Reference range: 25-140 U/L  
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Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)   Detects tissue damage Reference range: 40 U/L pr less  
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Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)   Screens for renal disease, especially glomerular functioning Reference range: 7-25 mg/dL  
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Calcium (CA)   To assess parathyroid functioning & calcium metabolism & evaluate malignancies Reference range: 8.5- 10.8 mg/dL  
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Chloride (Cl)   Assists in diagnosing disorders of acid-base & water balance Reference range: 96-109 mmol/L  
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Cholesterol (Chol)   To screen for atherosclerosis related to coronary artery disease; secondary aid in study of thyroid & liver functioning Reference range: (desirable) Less than 200 mg/dL  
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Low Density Lipoprotein (HDL)   Complex molecules found in cholesterol; picks up cholesterol from ingested fats & the liver, delivers to blood vessels & muscles; aka bad cholesterol Reference range: (optimal)less than 100 mg/dL  
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High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)   Complex molecule found in cholesterol; removes excess cholesterol from the cells & carries it to the liver to be excretes; aka good cholesterol Reference range: (optimal)60 mg/dL or greater  
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Creatinine (Creat)   Screening test of renal functioning Reference range: 0.6-1.5 mg/dL  
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Globulin (Glob)   To identify abnormalities in rate of protein synthesis & removal Reference range: 2-3.4 g/dL  
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Glucose   To detect disorders of glucose metabolism Reference range: varies  
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Fasting blood glucose (FBG) or Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS)   Blood sugar done with patient having NPO for 12 hours prior to test. Reference ranges: Normal 70-99 mg/dL  
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2 hour postprndial blood sugar (2-hr PPBS)   Often performed on patients with DM to eval progress & regulate tx OR as routine screening to detect DM. The patient fasts after midnight; breakfast contains 100 g of carbs OR drinks a glucose solution. Reference range: Less than 140 mg/dL  
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Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)   Provides more detailed info about the ability of the body to metabolize blucose by assessing the insulin response to a glucose load. Reference range: 139 mg/dL or less  
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Lactate dehydrogenase (LD)   Assists in confirming myocardial or pulmonary infarction; also used in differential dx of MD and pernicious anemia Reference range: 240 UL or less  
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Phosphorus (P)   Assists in proper eval & interpretation of calcium levels; used to detect disorders of endocrine system, bone diseases & kidney function Reference range 2.5- 4.5  
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Potassium (K)   To dx disorders or acid-base & water balance in the body Reference range: 3.5-5.3 mmol/L  
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Sodium (NA)   To detect changes in water & salt balance in the body Reference range: 135-147mmol/l  
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Total bilirubin (TB)   To evaluate liver functioning & hemolytic anemia Reference range: 0.2-1.3 mg/dL  
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Total protein (TP)   Screens for diseases that alter protein balance & assesses state of body hydration Reference range 4.5- 12 ug/dL  
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Triglycerides (Trig)   To evaluate patients with suspected atherosclerosis Reference range: Less than 150 mg/dL  
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Uric acid (UA)   To evaluate renal failure, gout & leukemia Reference range: Male 3.9-9mg/dL Female 2.2-7.7 mg/dL  
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Created by: melindahanson
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