Pregnancy and Human Development
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| Fertilization normally occurs within which structure | uterine tube
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| This is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract | capacitation
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| The fusion of the secondary oocyte and the sperm results in which developmental stage | zygote
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| This will become the primary structure for exchange of material between the mother and the fetus | chorionic villi of the placenta
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| This is the connection between the placenta and the embryo | umbilical cord
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| The normal gestation period for humans is | 40 weeks
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| This is any agent or influence that causes developmental defects in an embryo | none of the preceding
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| This exam is performed between 14-16 weeks gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities | amniocentesis
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| During pregnancy stroke volume can increase by | 30%
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| Labor cannot take place until all of this hormone's effects are diminished | progesterone
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| This is the time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix | state of dilation
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| Involution is | when the uterus decreases in size
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| This is a principle hormone that releases milk into the mammary ducts | oxytocin
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| This hormone is secreted by non-pregnant women from secretory cells in the hypothalamus | GnRH
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| Amniocentesis can produce results that indicate | the presence of certain genetic disorders such as Down syndrome
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| In the process of lactation | the uterine smooth muscle returns to its normal size more rapidly in nursing than non-nursing mothers
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| Fertilization in a laboratory dish and transfer of the developing embryo into the uterus is called | in vitro fertilization
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| Implantation is the process where the | blastocyst attaches to and enters the endometrium
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| Implantation occurs____after fertilization | about 6 days
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| The placental stage of labor ends with | expelling of the afterbirth
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| The developing embryo is surrounded by and bathed in | amniotic fluid
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| The testes have descended into the scrotal sac of a male fetus that is | full-term
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| Early pregnancy tests depend on the detection of ___ in the urine | human chorionic gonadotropin
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| At the end of a full-term pregnancy, the top of the uterus reaches | nearly to the xiphoid process of the sternum
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| Chorionic villi sampling, although riskier, has an advantage over amniocentesis because CVS | yields test results in a few days
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| A hormone called___ released from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates the production of milk by the mammary glands | prolactin
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| In human development, we call the developing human an "embryo" during the first and second trimesters | False
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| Individuals with two X chromosomes XX are female | True
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| The "bag of waters" represents the fluid from the chorionic sac | False
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| Implantation occurs about 7-8 days after fertilization or about day 21-22 of the uterine cycle | True
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| The 'decidua' is the same layer of the pregnant uterus as the 'endometrium' of the non-pregnant uterus | True
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| Early home pregnancy tests detect the presence if hCG, which is found in the urine only when successful implantation has occurred | True
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| In the hyperplasia of the uterine smooth muscle during pregnancy, only muscle cell size increase, not cell number | False
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| An abnormal sudden hypertension with large amounts of protein in urine and edna that can occur during pregnancy | Preeclampsia
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| Preeclampsia associated with convulsions and coma | Eclampsia
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| Prenatal test for chromosomal and biochemical abnormalities that can be done at 8-10 weeks of pregnancy | Chorionic villi sampling
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| Prenatal test for chromosomal and biochemical abnormalities that can be done at 14-16 weeks of pregnancy | Amniocentesis
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| A non-invasive test that can detect neural tube defects, such as spina bifida or anencephaly | Maternal alpha fetoprotein test
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| A newer AFP test that also probes for Down's syndrome and trisomy 18 that results in fetal death in utero or during the first year of life | Quad AFP Plus test
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| The six weeks following parturition that a woman's reproductive organs and physiology return to their pre-pregnancy state | Puerperium
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| The penetration of only one sperm into a secondary oocyte | Syngamy
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| The penetration of several sperm into a secondary oocyte | Polyspermy
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| The process of giving birth | Parturition
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| The attachment of a blastocyst to the wall of the uterus | Implantation
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| Functional changes in the sperm within the female reproductive system that allow sperm to fertilize a secondary oocyte | Capacitation
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| Promotes milk production and secretion, but is action is inhibited during pregnancy | Prolactin
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| Stimulates the corpus luteum to continue production of progesterone and estrogens | Human chorionic gonadotropin
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| Increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and helps dilate the cervix during labor | Relaxin
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| Helps prepare mammary glands for lactation; regulates certain aspects of maternal and fetal metabolism | Human chorionic somatomammotropin
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| Stimulates uterine contractions and responsible for the milk ejection reflex | Oxytocin
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| Secreted by the placenta; helps establish the timing of birth and increase the secretion of cortisol for fetal lung maturation | Corticotropin releasing hormone
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