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Ch 28
Pregnancy and Human Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fertilization normally occurs within which structure | uterine tube |
| This is a series of functional changes that sperm go through when they are in the female reproductive tract | capacitation |
| The fusion of the secondary oocyte and the sperm results in which developmental stage | zygote |
| This will become the primary structure for exchange of material between the mother and the fetus | chorionic villi of the placenta |
| This is the connection between the placenta and the embryo | umbilical cord |
| The normal gestation period for humans is | 40 weeks |
| This is any agent or influence that causes developmental defects in an embryo | none of the preceding |
| This exam is performed between 14-16 weeks gestation and is used to detect genetic abnormalities | amniocentesis |
| During pregnancy stroke volume can increase by | 30% |
| Labor cannot take place until all of this hormone's effects are diminished | progesterone |
| This is the time from the onset of labor to the complete dilation of the cervix | state of dilation |
| Involution is | when the uterus decreases in size |
| This is a principle hormone that releases milk into the mammary ducts | oxytocin |
| This hormone is secreted by non-pregnant women from secretory cells in the hypothalamus | GnRH |
| Amniocentesis can produce results that indicate | the presence of certain genetic disorders such as Down syndrome |
| In the process of lactation | the uterine smooth muscle returns to its normal size more rapidly in nursing than non-nursing mothers |
| Fertilization in a laboratory dish and transfer of the developing embryo into the uterus is called | in vitro fertilization |
| Implantation is the process where the | blastocyst attaches to and enters the endometrium |
| Implantation occurs____after fertilization | about 6 days |
| The placental stage of labor ends with | expelling of the afterbirth |
| The developing embryo is surrounded by and bathed in | amniotic fluid |
| The testes have descended into the scrotal sac of a male fetus that is | full-term |
| Early pregnancy tests depend on the detection of ___ in the urine | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| At the end of a full-term pregnancy, the top of the uterus reaches | nearly to the xiphoid process of the sternum |
| Chorionic villi sampling, although riskier, has an advantage over amniocentesis because CVS | yields test results in a few days |
| A hormone called___ released from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates the production of milk by the mammary glands | prolactin |
| In human development, we call the developing human an "embryo" during the first and second trimesters | False |
| Individuals with two X chromosomes XX are female | True |
| The "bag of waters" represents the fluid from the chorionic sac | False |
| Implantation occurs about 7-8 days after fertilization or about day 21-22 of the uterine cycle | True |
| The 'decidua' is the same layer of the pregnant uterus as the 'endometrium' of the non-pregnant uterus | True |
| Early home pregnancy tests detect the presence if hCG, which is found in the urine only when successful implantation has occurred | True |
| In the hyperplasia of the uterine smooth muscle during pregnancy, only muscle cell size increase, not cell number | False |
| An abnormal sudden hypertension with large amounts of protein in urine and edna that can occur during pregnancy | Preeclampsia |
| Preeclampsia associated with convulsions and coma | Eclampsia |
| Prenatal test for chromosomal and biochemical abnormalities that can be done at 8-10 weeks of pregnancy | Chorionic villi sampling |
| Prenatal test for chromosomal and biochemical abnormalities that can be done at 14-16 weeks of pregnancy | Amniocentesis |
| A non-invasive test that can detect neural tube defects, such as spina bifida or anencephaly | Maternal alpha fetoprotein test |
| A newer AFP test that also probes for Down's syndrome and trisomy 18 that results in fetal death in utero or during the first year of life | Quad AFP Plus test |
| The six weeks following parturition that a woman's reproductive organs and physiology return to their pre-pregnancy state | Puerperium |
| The penetration of only one sperm into a secondary oocyte | Syngamy |
| The penetration of several sperm into a secondary oocyte | Polyspermy |
| The process of giving birth | Parturition |
| The attachment of a blastocyst to the wall of the uterus | Implantation |
| Functional changes in the sperm within the female reproductive system that allow sperm to fertilize a secondary oocyte | Capacitation |
| Promotes milk production and secretion, but is action is inhibited during pregnancy | Prolactin |
| Stimulates the corpus luteum to continue production of progesterone and estrogens | Human chorionic gonadotropin |
| Increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis and helps dilate the cervix during labor | Relaxin |
| Helps prepare mammary glands for lactation; regulates certain aspects of maternal and fetal metabolism | Human chorionic somatomammotropin |
| Stimulates uterine contractions and responsible for the milk ejection reflex | Oxytocin |
| Secreted by the placenta; helps establish the timing of birth and increase the secretion of cortisol for fetal lung maturation | Corticotropin releasing hormone |
Created by:
lawalk
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