Bio 260 brulte/ marieb/ chp 9 muscles
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| Name the 3 types of muscle tissue | show 🗑
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| show | muscle fibers
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| ___ muscle pushes fluids and solids along digestive tract | show 🗑
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| show | cardiac
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| show | 1)excitability 2)contractility 3) extensibility 4) elasticity
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| What is the ability to respond to stimulation? | show 🗑
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| show | contractility
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| _____ or the ability to continue contracting after rest periods | show 🗑
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| show | Elasticity
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| show | 700; voluntarily
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| What are skeletal muscles? | show 🗑
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| show | Maintain BP Move Support & Regulate: maintain body temp & posture; produce movement; support S/T; regulate entering/exiting of material
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| What is an example of skeletal movement? | show 🗑
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| show | constant muscular contraction of muscles keeps our head upright or joints to stabilize our walk
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| show | abdominal wall and floor of pelvic cavity have layers of skeletal muscle that protect visceral organs
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| show | contraction requires energy and some energy is converted to heat;heat lost keeps body temp regulated
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| show | digestive and urinary system are lined with muscles to provide voluntary control
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| show | flesh
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| show | muscle
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| show | 1) Epimysium = surrounds entire skeletal muscle2) Perimysium = divides groups of muscles & have blood vessels & nerves3) Endomysium = internally surrounds each muscle fiber & binds it to its neighbors
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| show | Epimysium
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| ___ C.T. contains collagen & elastic fibers and divides muscles into bundles of fibers or fasicles. | show 🗑
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| show | Reticular
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| show | perimysium
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| What lies between the Endomysium and muscle fibers? | show 🗑
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| Perimysium blends into ____ | show 🗑
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| At the end of the muscle, the collagen fibers of Epimysium,Perimysium,and Endomysium converge to form a ___ or thick cords/cables. | show 🗑
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| Tendons that form thick,flattened sheets are ____ | show 🗑
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| show | neuromuscular junction or myoneural junction
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| show | one;located midway
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| What is the motor end plate of the muscle fiber that the neuromuscular junction is attached to? | show 🗑
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| show | capillaries are coiled rather than straight
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| show | sarcolemma
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| show | cytoplasm
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| show | 1) SMF are very large2) multinucleated due to myoblasts during early development3) indentations in sarcolemma (cell membrane) form T tubules or transverse tubules
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| show | Satellite cells; FX differentiate (specialize) & assist cell repair /regeneration when SMF is injured
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| What do the electrical impulses of the T tubules of the sarcolemma do? | show 🗑
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| show | cylindrical structures attached to sarcolemma (cell membrane);sarcoplasm has hundreds to thousands of myofibrils
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| What is the FX of Myofibrils? | show 🗑
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| What surrounds each myofibril? | show 🗑
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| What is the FX of the SR sarcoplasmic reticulum? | show 🗑
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| show | Terminal Cisternae;tubules of SR enlarge and fuse to form expanded chambers
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| show | pair of terminal cisternae (chambers) & a transverse tubule
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| Is there direct connection between the Triad? | show 🗑
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| Why is Mitochondria and glycogen scattered among myofibrils? | show 🗑
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| Myofilaments are made up of what 2 types of proteins? | show 🗑
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| show | sarcomere
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| show | arrangement of thick and thin filaments
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| show | sarcomere
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| show | skeletal muscle fiber contractions
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| What makes up the proteins of the center M line in the sarcomere? | show 🗑
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| What proteins make up the ends of the sarcomere of which extend toward the center M line? | show 🗑
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| What is the Zone of Overlap? | show 🗑
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| Differences in the __ and __ of the thin and thick filaments account for the banded experience | show 🗑
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| show | thick filaments from M line (center), the H band (thick filaments only) and the zone of overlap (both thin and thick filaments)
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| show | F actin (twisted strand) mades up of G actin molec
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| show | strand of protein nebulin
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| Each molec of __ Actin contains an active site that can bind to a thick filament. | show 🗑
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| show | tropomyosin form a long chain covering active sites
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| What holds the tropomyosin in place? | show 🗑
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| Before a contraction can take place what must happen to troponin? | show 🗑
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| What makes up thick filaments? | show 🗑
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| What direction are the Myosin molec oreinted from the M line? | show 🗑
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| show | they connect thick filaments and thin filaments during a contraction
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| show | core
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| When are the titn strands completely relaxed? | show 🗑
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| When do the titin become tense? | show 🗑
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| What helps the sarcomere return to normal resting length? | show 🗑
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| What is muscle tension? | show 🗑
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| What is the trigger for a contraction? | show 🗑
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| show | 1)H band & I band get smaller2)zone of overlap gets larger3)Z lines (ends) move closer together4) width of A band remains the same
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| show | myosin heads of thick filaments bind to acti active sites
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| show | myosin head pivots towards the M line (center) pulling actin toward the center also
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| show | cross bridge then detaches and returns to original position..repeat cycle of "attach,pivot,detach,return"
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| show | number of cross bridge interaction in the sarcomeres of myofibrils
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| show | degree of overlap between thin and thick filaments
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| Can all myosin heads bind to actin active sites? | show 🗑
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| The tension of a contraction is therefore related to the ____ of an individual sarcomere | show 🗑
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| show | low; higher inside
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| show | contraction by releasing CA ions from terminal cisternae
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| show | T tubules
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| What happens to the newly released CA ions? | show 🗑
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| What happens to troponin when CA ions bind to it? | show 🗑
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| show | SR (sacroplasmic reticulum) with re capture the CA ions and the tropomyosin will block the active sites; contraction stops
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| show | binding & breakdown of ATP
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| show | yes
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| show | contraction stops
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| show | active; resting is passive
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| What factors help a return a shortened muscle back to normal length? | show 🗑
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| show | chemicals released by motor neuron at neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
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| show | change in transmembrane potential of T tubules
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| show | release of CA ions by SR
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| show | motor
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| Although the body of the motor neuron is in the CNS, the axon extends out into the skeletal muscle fiber at the _____ | show 🗑
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| The ___is the tip of the axon at the NMJ | show 🗑
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| show | mitochondria & synaptic vesicles w/ACH
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| show | neurotransmitter
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| What actually happens to indicate the communication between the neuron and cell? | show 🗑
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| What narrow space separates the synaptic terminal from the motor end plate of the SM fiber? | show 🗑
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| What enzyme is in the synaptic cleft that breaks down the ACH? | show 🗑
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| show | action potential
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| show | acetylcholinesterase enzyme removes the bound ACH onto the receptor sites on the actin
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| What is a motor unit? | show 🗑
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| show | size of a motor unit
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| show | muscles of the eye
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| How much control do we have over power generating muscles,like our legs? | show 🗑
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| show | single stimulus
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| What is the smooth but steady increase in muscular tension? | show 🗑
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| How does the nervous system provide precise control over the pull exerted by muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | All muscle fibers in a single motor unit contract at the same time
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| What affects the amount of force exerted by muscle as a whole? | show 🗑
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| When a muscle is at rest some motor units are ____ | show 🗑
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| show | muscle tone;contractions do not produce movement but tense the muscle
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| show | position of bones and joints
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| show | muscle spindles
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| With exercise what happens to the muscle fibers? | show 🗑
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| show | muscles that have been repeatedly stimulated to produce near-max tension
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| show | Atrophy- reduction in muscle size,tone,power
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| show | yes. but dying muscle fibers cannot be replaced and sometime functional losses are permanent
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| Name 3 types of skeletal muscle fibers: | show 🗑
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| show | 1)glycogen reserves are limited and lactic acid builds up
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| show | anaerobic glycolysis (no oxygen to break down sugars into lactic acid); few mitochondria to supply ATP
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| Why do slow/red fibers take 3X as long to contract? | show 🗑
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| ___ fibers have lots of mitochondria and uses aerobic break down of glycogen | show 🗑
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| Why are slow fibers red? | show 🗑
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| show | contract faster than slow but not more than fast/white fibers; looks like fast/red fibers
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| Which muscle areas do not have slow/red fibers? | show 🗑
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| show | back and calf muscle
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| Wht type of fibers increase with one trains for a marathon? | show 🗑
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| __ fibers dominate sprinters and weight lifters | show 🗑
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| Does endurance training promote hypertrophy? | show 🗑
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| What are fascicles? | show 🗑
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| show | "PC to converge with 1,2 multiple Pens"1. P= parallel2. C= circular3. Converge= convergent4. 1= Unipennate5. 2= Bipennate6. Multi pens= multipennate
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| Most of the skeletal muscles in the bodya re ___ | show 🗑
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| show | biceps brachii; muscle contracts: gets shorter and body increased in diameter
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| What is an example of a circular muscle or sphincter? | show 🗑
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| show | convergent; spread out liike a fan or broad triangle; pulls on a tendon
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| show | slender band of collagen fiber; convergent muscle (chest muscles) can pull on it but not as hard as a parallel muscle (biceps)
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| show | fether like shape fibers with one or more tendons through it;pull at an angle
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| The thight or recus femoris muscle is an example of a ___ muscle | show 🗑
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| What is the FX of the Bipennate muscle or thigh? | show 🗑
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| What is the name of the feather like shape but the muscles are found on the same side as tendons? | show 🗑
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| Name the 3 types of muscle primary action | show 🗑
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| show | fixators
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| What are the 2 muscles that do not formally include "muscle" in its name | show 🗑
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| The force,speed or direction of a movement can be modified by attaching muscle to a ____ | show 🗑
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| show | joint (lever moves on a fixed point or fulcrum)
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