Appendix C
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| Absorption | The amount of medication that enters the bloodstream, or systemic circulation
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| Accreditation | The process of granting recognition or vouching for compliance with established criteria (usually refers to recognition of an institution or program)
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| Adjudication | Precription claims adjudication refers to the determination of the insurer's payment after the member's insurance benefits are applied to a medical claim
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| Ambulatory pharmacy | A pharmacy generally located within, or in close proximity to a clinic, hospital, or medical center that provides medication services to ambulatory patients
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| Aseptic technique | The technique and procedures designed to prevent contamination of drugs, packaging, equipment, or supplies by microorganisms during preparation.
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| Automated dispensing technology | Electronic storage cabinets or robotics that secure medications and dispense them to nurses or other caregivers when needed.
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| Automated medication dispensing device | A drug storage device or cabinet that contains an inventory of medications that are electronically dispensed so they may be administered to patients in a controlled manner.
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| Average wholesale price (AWP) | A commonly used benchmark for billing drigs that are reimbursed in the community pharmacy setting. The AWP for a drug is set by the manufacturer of the drug.
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| Beyond-use labeling | A date that is given to a medication noting when it should no longer be used, also reffered to as the expiration date.
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| Bioavailability | The percentage of an administered dose of a medication that reaches the blood stream.
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| Brand-name drug | A drug that is covered by a patent and is therefore only available from a single manufacturer
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| Buccal | A solid medication dosage that is placed in the pocket between the cheek and gum and is absorbed through the cheek into the bloodstream.
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| Centralized dispensing automation | Technology that assists in the selection and dispensing of drug products that are located in a central location, such as the pharmacy, and that can include robotics and carousels that use bar code scanning to select and label drug products for patients.
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| Centralized pharmacy | Pharmacy services that are provided from one location in the hospital. Pharmacy personnel, resources, and functions primarily reside within this self-contained location
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| Certification | A voluntary process by which a nongovernmental agency or association grants recognition to an individual who has met certain predetermined qualifications specified by that agency or association.
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| Chain pharmacy | A pharmacy that is part of a large number of corparately owned pharmacies that ise the same name and carry similarly branded OTC products.
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| Wholesaler | A large-scale warehouse with drugs and supplies located in various geographic regions that exist to help bring pharmaceutical products closer to the market.
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| Registration | The process of making a list or being enrolled in an existing list. A PhT may be required to registered with the state board of pharmacy before being able to legally carry out some pharmacy functions.
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| STAT | Abbreviation of the latin word statim, meaning immediatley; commonly used on medication orders to indicate the need for the drug right away.`
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| Stock rotation | Placing the products that will expire the soonest in the front of the shelf or bin and those with later expiration dates behind them.
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| Subcutaneous | Deposited i the tissue just below the skin.
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| Sublingual | Placed under the tounge, where it dissolves and is absorbed into the bloodstream.
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| Suspension | A mixture of fine particles of an undisolved solid spread throughout a liquid or, less commonly, a gas.
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| Technician | An individual skilled in the practical or mechanical aspects of a profession. A pharmacy technician assists pharmacists by performing routine, day-to-day functions of the practice of pharmacy that do not require the judgement of a pharmacist.
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| Topical | Applied to the skin, mucous membranes, or other external parts of the body, such as fingernails, toes and hair.
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| Transdermal | Through the skin; percutaneous
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| Unit dose distribution system | A system that provides all or most medications to patients in a unit dose ready-to-administer form.
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| Unit-dose package | A non-reusable container designed to hold a quantity of drug to be administered as a single dose.
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| Community pharmacy | Generally a stand-alone pharmacy located within a community that provides medication services to ambulatory patients.
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| Compounding | Usually takes place in a pharmacy and includes the preparation, mixingm packaging, and labeling of a small quantity of drug based ona practioner's prescription or medication order for a specific patient,
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| Controlled substances | Drugs or chemical substances whose possession and use are regulated under the Federal Controlled Substances Act and by state controlled substance laws and regulations. Contolled substances are subject to stricter contols.
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| Copayment | The portion of the cost of a prescription that the patient is responsible for paying when a part of the cost is covered by a third-party payer.
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| Pharmacist | A healtch care professional licensed by the state to engage in the practice of pharmacy.
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| Pharmacy satellite | A physical space located in or near a patient care area that can provide a variety of distributive amd clinical services
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| Practice of pharmacy | The practice of pharmacy is regulated by each state through its pharmacy laws and regulations. The responsibilites pharmacists are permitted to perform may vary by state.
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| Prescription | The written or verbal authorization, by an authorized prescriber, for the use of a particular pharmaceutical agent for an individual patient. This term also refers tothe physical product dispensed.
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| Primary prescription label | A label, affixed to a dispensed drug product, that contains legally required information.
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| Professional | A person who practices an occupation or vocation that requires advanced specialized training.
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| Professionalism | Actively demonstrating the attitudes, qualities and behaviors of a professional while performing the duties of one's prefession.
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| Purchase order | A document executed by a purchaser and forwarded to a supplier that is considered a legal offer to buy products or services.
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| Decentralized pharmacy | Pharmacy services that are provided on or near a patient care area. These services are often supported by a central pharmacy. A pharmacy satellite is an example of one form of a decentralized pharmacy service.
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| Direct purchasing | Buying directly from a manufacturer. It typically involves the execution of a purchase order from the pharmacy to the manufacturer of the drug.
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| Dispensing | The act of preparing a medication for use by a patient as authorized by a prescription.
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| Drug distribution services | The system(s) used to distribute medications that begin when the medication is received by the pharmacy and ends when the the medication is administered to the patient.
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| Drug Enforcemente Administration (DEA) | The federal agency that administers and enforces federal laws for controlled substances and illegal substances such as narcotics and other dangerous drugs. The DEA is part of the US department of justice.
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| Durable medical equipment | Reusable equipment used for the treatment of illness or injury
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| Electronic medication administration record (eMAR) | A component of the computerized patient medical record in which nurses and other healthcare providers document times and dates when a medication was administered to the patient
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| Elixir | A clear, sweet, flavored water-and-alcohol micture intended for oral use.
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| Excretion | The irreversible removal of a drug or metabolite from a body fluid. The most common location of drug excretion is the kidneys; the biliary tract is another important route of excretion.
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| Formulary | A specific list of drugs that are included with a given prescription drug plan.
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| Generic Drug | A drug that is no longer covered by a patent and is therefore generally available from multiple manufacturers, usually resulting in significant reduction in price.
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| Hazardous material | Any material that poses a risk to people, animals, property or the environment .
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| Health insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) | Federal legislation enacted to establish guidelines for the protection of patients' private health information.
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| Hospital Form | An approved list of medications that are routinely stocked in the hospital pharmacy to treat the types of patients the hospital typically serves.
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| Inhalant | A fine powder or solution of a drug delivered as a mist through the mouth into the respiratory tract.
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| Intracardiac | Injected directly into the heart muscle.
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| Intradermal | Injected into the top layers of the skin
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| Intramuscular | Injected directly into a large muscle mass, such as the upper arm, thigh or buttock, and absorbed from the muscle tissue into the bloodstream.
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| Intrathecal | Injected into the space around the spinal cord
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| Intravenous | Injected directly into a vein and therefore immediately avaiable to act in the body.
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| Legend drug | A drug that is required by federal law to be dispensed by prescription only, It is the older term for what now are identified as "Rx only"
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| Licensure | The process by which an agency of the government grants permission to an individual to engage in a given occupation upon finding that the applicant has attained a degree of competency neccesary to ensure public health, safety and welfare.
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| Lozenge | A hard, disk-shaped solid medication dosage form that contains medication in a sugar base, which is released as the lozenge is held in the mouth and sucked
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| Mail-order pharmacy | A pharmacy that functions like a warehouse, with pharmacists and technicians who dispense prescriptions that are mailed to (not picked up by) patients.
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| Ointment | A semisolid medication dosage form, applied to the skin or mucous membranes, which lubricates and softens or is used as a base for drug delivery
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| Over-the-counter drugs (OTC) | Drugs that are available without a prescription
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| Parenteral | A route of medication administration that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, such as intravenours, or subcutaneous administration,
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| Patient counseling | The act of educationg a patient, by a pharmacist, regarding the proper use of a prescribed drug, at the time of dispensing.
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| Patient profile | A list of information about a patient.
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| Material data safety sheets | Info. sheets provided by manufacturers for chemicals or drugs that may be hazardous in the workplace.
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| Medication administration recored (MAR) | A component of the paper patient medical record in which nurses and other health care providers documents times and dates when a medication was administered tot he patient.
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| Medication error | Any error occurring in the medication use process
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| Medication order | A written,electronic, telephone, or verbal request for a patient medication in an in-patient setting.
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| Medication therapy management (MTM) | A service or group of services that optimize therapeutic outcomes for a patient.
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| National Drug Code number (NDC) | A unique number assigned to each drug, strength, and package size for the purpose of identification.
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