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ITM origins,insertions,actions

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muscle
origin
insertion
action
scalenus anterior   transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C3-6   to 1st rib   Bilaterally-raise first 2 ribs during forced inspiration or assist neck flexion; Unilaterally-assists in lateral flexion of head to same side  
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scalenus medius   transverse processes of cervical vertebrae C2-7   to 1st rib   Bilaterally-raise first 2 ribs during forced inspiration or assist neck flexion; Unilaterally-assists in lateral flexion of head to same side  
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scalenus posterior   transverse processes of cervical vertebra C4-6   to 2nd rib   Bilaterally-raise first 2 ribs during forced inspiration or assist neck flexion; Unilaterally-assists in lateral flexion of head to same side  
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splenius capitis   ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7, T1-3   mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone   Bilaterally-extension of neck; Unilaterally-lateral flexion and rotation of head to same side  
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splenius cervicis   upper thoracic vertebrae T3-6   upper cervical vertebrae, transverse processes of C1,2,3   Bilaterally-extension of neck; Unilaterally-lateral flexion and rotation of head to same side  
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rectus abdominis   pubic symphysis and crest   costal cartilages of ribs 5,6,7; xiphoid process   flexion of trunk, supports compression of abdominal contents  
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external oblique   lower 8 ribs (5-12)   linea alba, pubis, anterior iliac crest   Bilaterally-flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal contents; Unilaterally-lateral flexion, rotation of trunk to opposite side  
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internal oblique   inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis   costal cartilages of lower 4 ribs(9-12), abdominal aponeurosis and linea alba   Bilaterally-flexion of trunk, compression of abdominal contents; Unilaterally-lateral flexion, rotation of trunk to same side  
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transverse abdominis   inguinal ligament, iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis, internal surface of costal cartilages of ribs 7-12   abdominal aponeurosis and linea alba, pubis   compression of abdominal contents  
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external intercostals (exterior surface of ribs)   between adjacent ribs   between adjacent ribs   elevate ribs in inspiration, maintains intercostal spaces  
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internal intercoastals (interior surface of ribs)   between adjacent ribs   between adjacent ribs   elevate ribs in inspiration, maintains intercostal spaces  
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innermost intercostals (dep to internal intercostals)   between adjacent ribs   between adjacent ribs   elevate ribs in inspiration, maintains intercostal spaces  
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diaphragm   first 3 lumbar vertebrae, lower 6 costal cartilages, xiphoid process of sternum   central tendon of the diaphragm (clover leaf shaped aponeurosis)   flattens central tendon and thus increases vertical diameter of thoracic cavity inspiration  
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serratus posterior superior   caudal ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T2   superior borders of 2,3,4,5 ribs   raises ribs to increase thoracic cavity during inspiration  
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serratus posterior inferior   spinous processes of T11, 12 and L1-3   inferior borders of last 4 ribs   draws ribs outward and downward conteracting the inward pull of the diaphragm during expiration  
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quadratus lumborum   posterior iliac crest   12th rib, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4   lateral flexion of trunk or raises hip  
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iliocostalis - erector spinae   (lateral layer) thoracolumbar aponeurosis, posterior ribs   posterior ribs, cervical transverse processis   Bilaterally-extension of spine, Unilaterally-lateral flexion of spine  
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longissimus - erector spinae   (middle layer) thoracolumbar aponeurosis, lumbar and thoracic transverse processes   cervical and thoracic transverse processes, mastoid process   Bilaterally-extension of spine, Unilaterally-lateral flexion of spine  
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spinalis - erector spinae   (medial layer) ligamentum nuchae, cervical and thoracic spinous processes   cervical and thoracic spinous processes, occipital bone   Bilaterally-extension of spine, Unilaterally-lateral flexion of spine  
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semispinalis - transversospinalis   cervical and thoraacic transverse processes   cervical and thoracic spinous processes, occipital bone (spans 3 to 6 vertebrae)   Bilaterally-extension of spine; Unilaterally-rotation to opposite side  
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multifidus-transversospinalis   sacrum, posterior superior iliac spine, transverse processes all vertebrae   spinous processes of all vertebrae, inswwerting 2 to 4 vertebrae above origin   Bilaterally-extension of spine; Unilaterally-rotation to opposite side  
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rotatores-transversospinalis   transverse processes of all vertebrae   spinous processes of all vertebrae, inserting on vertebra directly above origin   Bilaterally-extension of spine, Unilaterally-rotation to opposite side  
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interspinales-segmental--transversospinalis   spinous processes of cervical, lumbar and T1-2, T11-12 vertebrae   spinous process of vertebrae directly above origin   extension of spine  
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intertransversarii-segmental-transversospinalis   transverse processes of cervical, lumbar and T10-12 vertebrae   transverse process of vertebrae directly above   Unilaterally- extension of spine; Unilaterally-lateral flexion of spine  
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