The Digestive System
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| Which of the following processes is the function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system | mixing and propulsion
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| Which of the following processes is the primary function of the mouth | ingestion
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| Which of the following processes is the primary function of the villi of the small intestine | absorption
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| Which of the following accessory organs produces a fluid to soften and moisten food | salivary glands
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| Which of the following accessory organs stores bile | liver
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| Which of the following accessory organs of the digestive system produces a fluid that function to emulsify dietary fats | gallbladder
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| These are composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response | MALT
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| This specific plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis | myenteric plexus
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| Why would you expect emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion | because they stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract
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| This portion of the peritoneum drapes over the transverse colon and coils of the small intestine | greater omentum
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| The hard palate | all of the preceding
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| In the mouth, the tooth sockets are lined with | periodontal ligament
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| Deciduous molars are replaced by | premolars (bicuspids)
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| Which of the following is the primary function of the large intestine | feces formation
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| This structure of the stomach allows greater distension for food storage | rugae
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| Which of the following secrete gastric acid | parietal cells
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| This cell secretes the hormone that promotes production of gastric acid | G ell
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| This major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions | pancreatic duct
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| Which of the following gastric enzymes digests proteins | pepsin
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| This is the heaviest gland of the body | liver
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| This is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical cord in the fetus | round ligament
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| This is the principle bile pigment | bilirubin
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| Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver | storage of bilirubin
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| Which of the following small intestine cells secrete lysozyme | Paneth cells
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| Which of the following enzymes acts to produce monoglycerides and fatty acids as products | lipase
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| Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts to produce monosaccharides | amlayse
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| Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts to produce smaller peptides from proteins | chymotrypsin
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| This hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine | secretin
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| This hormone is stimulated by high levels of dietary fat in the small intestine | cholecystokinin (CCK)
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| This digestive aid, produces by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins | hydrochloric acid
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| This structure regulates the flow of material into the colon | ileocecal
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| The wavelike, rhythmic contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called | peristalsis
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| The pyloric sphincter is found between the | stomach and duodenum
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| The pancreas is stimulated to release its secretions by | secretin
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| The physical and chemical breakdown of food is completed primarily in the | small intestine
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| Gastric glands increase their secretory activity in response to a hormone released from the | stomach
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| The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum is the _____ cavity | peritoneal
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| The intrinsic factor is produced by ___ cells of the gastric glands | parietal
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| Digestion begins in the | mouth
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| Taste buds are found in elevations on the dorsal surface of the tongue called | papillae
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| What are the names of the three sections of the small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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| The final products of protein digestion are | amino acids
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| Absorption of nutrients occurs primarily in the | small intestine
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| Which hormone stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice that is rich in digestive enzymes and contraction of the wall of the gallbladder to release bile | cholecystokinin
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| The inner surface of each lip is attached to the gum by a midline fold of mucous membrane called the | labial frenulum
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| Mumps is a viral infection, inflammation, and enlargement of the | parotid salivary glands
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| During the act of deglutition | food moves from the oral cavity to the stomach
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| The dental formula of the deciduous teeth in humans is | 2-1-0-2
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| The dental formula of the permeant teeth in humans is | 2-1-2-3
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| Wisdom teeth are this late erupting type | molars
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| Some organs or part of organs 'within' the abdominal cavity are retroperitoneal | True
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| The serosa of the GI tract is the same as the layer known as the parietal peritoneum | False
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| The greater omentum is the largest of the paritoneal folds | True
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| The localized mixing contractions and relaxations of the muscularis that do not push along the GI tract is called peristalsis | False
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| Some digestion occurs at the surface of the absorptive cells of the small intestine, rather than in the lumen | True
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| Some digestive enzymes are released when absorptive cells slough off into the lumen of the small intestine | True
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| Peyer's patches are found in the wall of the ileum | True
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| Nearly all digestive enzyme precursors secreted into the GI tract are identified by having the prefix 'pro' or the suffix 'ogen' | True
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| The round ligament is a remnant of the ductus arteriosus, a vessel found in fetal circulation | False
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| Carbonic acid is the source for H+ (protons) that are pumped out of the parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach | True
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| HCl is necessary for the activation and activity of pepsin in the stomach | True
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| The hepatic portal vein delivers deoxygenated blood from the GI tract to the sinusoids of the liver | True
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| The sight, smell, taste, or thought of food initiates the cephalic phase of gastric activity | True
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| Both neural and hormonal factors regulate the gastric and intestinal phases of digestion | True
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| Processed blood from the liver returns to the systemic circulation by way of the hepatic vein | True
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| The end products of chemical digestion of complex carbohydrates and double sugars are ___ | monosaccharides
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| The end products of chemical digestion of lipids (triglycerides) are _____ and ____ | monoglycerides, fatty acids
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| The end products of chemical digestion of proteins are ___ ___ | amino acids
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| Lipases break down this nutrient group ____ | lipids
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| Proteases break down this nutrient group ___ | proteins
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| Individuals who do not produce adequate amounts of the enzyme lactase are said to be ___ ____ | lactose intolerant
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| The lymphatic capillary found in a villus is specifically called a ____ | lacteal
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| _____ is the specific term that describes the movement of a bolus from the mouth to the stomach | Deglutition
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| The four principal anatomic regions of the stomach are the: cardia, the _____, the _____, and the _____ | fundus, body, pylous
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| Intrinsic factor is released by the ____ cells in the stomach mucosa and is important for the absorption of vitamin ___ that is needed for erythropoiesis | pariteal, B12
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| Responsible for churning, peristalsis, storage, and chemical digestion with the enzyme pepsin | Stomach
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| Responsible for ingestion, mastication, and deglutition | Mouth
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| Contains aggregated lymphatic follicles in the submucosa | Ileum
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| Produces and secretes bile | Liver
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| Contains duodenal glands in the submucosa | Duodenum
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| Coiled tube of lymphatic tissue attached to the cecum | Appendix
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| Collapsed muscular tube involved in the deglutition and peristalsis | Esophagus
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| Produce a fluid in the mouth that helps cleanse the mouth and that lubricates, dissolves, and begins the breakdown of food | Salivary gland
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| Forces the food to the back of the mouth for swallowing; places food in contact with the teeth | Tongue
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| Forms a semisolid waste material through haustral churning and peristalsis | Colon
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| Passageway for food, fluid and air; involved in deglutition | Pharynx
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| Composed of enamel, dentin, and pulp; used in mastication | Teeth
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| Contain 'acini' that release juices containing several digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate to buffer stomach acid | Pancreas
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| Storage area for bile | Gallbladder
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| Lymphatic capillary used for chylomicron absorption in the small intestine | Lacteal
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| Longitudinal muscular bands in the large intestine; tonic contractions produce haustra | Teniae coli
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| Stomach enteroendocrine cells that secrete gastrin | G cells
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| Secrete lysozyme; help regulate microbial population in the intestines | Paneth cells
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| Produce HCl and intrinsic factor in the stomach | Parietal cells
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| Finger or ridge-like projections of the mucosa of the small intestine that increase the surface area for digestion and absorption | Villi
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| Layer of microvilli of the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption; also contain some digestive enzymes | Brush border
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