Materials Test 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Where did the term "zyl" come from? | Zylonite (cellulose nitrate); a material that was commonly used in the past
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| What does "zyl" most commonly refer today? | Cellulose acetate; but generally all plastic frames
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| Metal frames are all metal except for...? | The nose pads and the posterior temples (plastic earpieces)
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| What are nylon cord frames also referred to as? | String mounted frames and nylon supras
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| How is the lens held in place in a nylon cord frame? | A nylon cord that fits around the edge of the lens; and the top of the lens is fitted into the upper rim of the frame
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| What is a combination frame? | Specifically, a metal chassis with plastic top rims and temples; technically any frame using both metal and plastic
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| What is a chassis? | The eyewire and bridge section
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| What is a half eye frame used for? | made for those needing a reading correction and no distance correction; sit lower on the nose
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| What are rimless frames? | Lenses held in place by some method other than nylon cords or eyewires; often nuts, bolts, and screws are used; also plastic posts, clamps, and cement
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| What are rimless mountings also referred to as? | 3 piece mountings
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| What is a semirimless mounting? | similar to rimless except for a metal reinforcing arm which follows the upper posterior surface of the lens and joins the centerpiece of the frame to the endpiece
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| What is a numont mounting? | hold the lenses in place only at their nasal edge
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| What were the first two plastic materials used for frames, and why are they no longer used? | bakelite and galaith; were too brittle when used in cold weather
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| What was used after bakelite and galaith for plastic frames? | cellulose nitrate (zylonite)
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| Why is zylonite no longer used for plastic frames? | highly flammable; FDA banned
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| What is cellulose acetate extracted from? | cotton or wood pulp
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| After the cotton or wood material is extracted, how does it become plastic? | treated with a mix of anhydride and acetic acide using sulfuric acid as a catalyst; plasticizers and aging stabilizers are added.
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| Even with stabilizers, cellulose acetate can become _______ with age. | brittle
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| Cellulose is coated with a ___________ to seal the surface. | UV inhibitor
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| What allows frame parts to be cut from cellulose acetate? | It can be poured into sheets of plastic
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| What is propionate also known as? | cellulose aceto-propionate
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| While it has many of the same characteristics as cellulose acetate, but works better with....? | injection molding
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| Propionate has less ______________, unless coated will fade within a short period of time. | color stability
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| Propionate weighs __% less than cellulose acetate? | 25
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| Optyl is an __________. | epoxy resin
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| Optyl is a _____________ material, which means the material will return to its original shape when reheated. | thermoelastic
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| Cellulose acetate is a _____________ material and does not return to its original shape when reheated. | thermoplastic
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| Optyl is __% lighter than cellulose acetate. | 30
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| The thermoelastic property of optyl can make it....? | difficult to adjust
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| Nylon is highly flexible, and must be soaked in _____ overnight or it will become brittle. | water
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| Polyamide is __% lighter than cellulose acetate. | 28
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| Polyamide is resistant to chemicals and solvents, and is also very...? | hypoallergenic
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| Grilamid is a nylon-based material, what is it's primary use? | sports eyewear
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| What makes grilamid superior to regular nylon? | Has a wider variety of color possibilities.
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| Carbon fiber creates a ____, ______frame. | thin, strong
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| Carbon fiber is __% lighter than cellulose acetate. | 40
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| Carbon fiber is not very adjustable, there for it used primarily for...? | frame fronts; not used for temples
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| Carbon fiber is black, and therefore.... | is available in only a few select opaque colors
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| Polycarbonate is used primarily for what because of its impact resistance. | Sports or safety frames
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| While polycarbonate is impact resistant it can also be...? | difficult to adjust
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| Is it common for frames to be made from more than one type of metal? | Yes
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| What is a strong and malleable material commonly used for frames? | Nickel
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| What is one major disadvantage of nickel? | Nearly 10% of the population has an allergic reaction to nickel
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| What are some advantages of pure nickel? | resists corrosion; malleable and easily adjusted; accept color well and is very versatile
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| What is the makeup of nickel silvers? | more than 50% copper; 25% nickel; and the rest zinc
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| Nickel silvers contain how much silver? | NONE
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| What adds strength to nickel silvers? | zinc
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| What is another name for nickel silver? | German silver
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| Monel metal is an inexpensive, very popular frame material. What are some other properties of it? | White in color; resist corrosion; easy to adjust; accepts high polish
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| What is monel metal mostly made from? | Nickel; also made from copper, iron, and traces of other elements (silicium, carbon, sulfur)
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| What is a strong and extremely lightweight material that can be finished in a wide variety of colors and does not corrode? But also has no flexibility | Aluminum
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| Aluminum does not ______ or ____ and must be made to be assembled with screws or rivets. | Solder or weld
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| What is made mainly from iron and chrome and is highly resistant to corrosion? | Stainless steel
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| Stainless steel is ideal for what because of its springy and flexible nature? | temples
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| Stainless steal is what type of material, allergenic or non-allergenic? | non-allergenic
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| Titanium is extremely lightweight, it is __% lighter than other metal materials. | 48
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| What is the metal of choice for people with skin allergies? | Titanium
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| When combined with other metals, titanium allows frames to become very....? | flexible
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| What are some disadvantages of titanium? | very hard to solder or weld; more expensive
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| Who established guidelines for frames containing titanium and who tests the frame? | Vision Council of America; an independent/accredited lab
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| To be certified 100% titanium, all major components of the frame are at least __% titanium by weight and contain no ______? | 90%; no nickel
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| Certified Beta Titanium, all major components of the frame are at least __% titanium by weight, and must contain no nickel. | 70
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| What is a metal alloy from copper and tin? | Bronze
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| While magnesium is even lighter in weight than titanium and exceptionally durable, it is highly....? | corrosive; and therefore must be sealed
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| What materials are the most hypoallergenic? | Optyl; Polyamide; Titanium; Stainless Steel
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Created by:
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