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Unit 5: The Executive Branch and The Bureaucracy

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Term
Definition
Appropriation   money that Congress that allocated to be spent  
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Bully Pulpit   a public office or position of authority that provides its occupant with an outstanding opportunity to speak out on any issue  
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Bureaucracy   departments, agencies, bureaus, and commissions in the executive branch of gov  
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Executive agreement   an agreement between the president and another head of state that, unlike a treaty, doesn't require Senate consent  
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Executive order   presidential rule or regulation that has the force of law  
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Executive privilege   the privilege of a Pres and his staff to withhold their "privileged" conversations from Congress or the courts  
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Impeachment   House action that formally charges an official with wrongdoing. Conviction requires 2/3 vote from the Senate  
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Impoundment   refusal of a Pres to spend money that has been appropriated by Congress  
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Independent Regulatory Agency   Members serve for fixed terms, some examples include; Fed Reserve Board, FCC, Fed Trade Commission. Oversee particular areas of interest  
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Inherent Powers   Any power that belongs to the national gov simply because it is the national gov of a sovereign. Not explicitly in the Constitution but historically or naturally needed.  
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Lame Duck   refers to a person, legislature, or administration that continues to hold office after losing an election. No mandate which results in lack of power.  
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Legislative oversight   ongoing process of congressional monitoring of the executive branch to ensure the latter complies with the law  
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Line item veto   power of most governors to delete or reduce funding in a bill on a line by line basis  
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Merit System   system of hiring fed workers based upon competitive exams  
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Office of Management and Budget (OMB)   White House office responsible for devising and submitting the president's annual budget proposal to Congress  
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Patronage   power to appoint loyal party members to fed positions  
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Pocket veto   presidential killing of a bill by inaction after Congress adjourns  
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Political appointees   those who have received presidential appointments to office. Contrast with Civil Service employees, who receive fed jobs by competitive exams  
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Pork barrel   wasteful congressional spending (e.g. funding for a Lawrence Welk museum in N Dakota)  
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Red tape   complex rules and procedures required by bureaucratic agencies  
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Senatorial courtesy   tradition where the Pres consults with the senators within a state which an appointment is to be made  
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Seniority system   tradition where the Senator from the majority party with the most years of service on a committee  
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Signing statement   a written comment by the press on a piece of legislation that has become law. Can include the pres's interpretation of the law and their intent on implementing it.  
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Spoils system   see patronage above  
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Sunset laws   laws that automatically expire after a given time  
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Whistleblower   an employee who exposes unethical or illegal conduct within the fed gov or one of its contractors  
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Writ of habeas corpus   court order the authorities show cause for why they are holding a prisoner in custody. Deters unlawful imprisonment  
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US v Nixon   rejected Nixon's claim to an absolutely unqualified privilege against any judicial process  
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Clinton v NY   the law granting the president the line item-veto was unconstitutional  
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Bush v Gore   use of equal protection clause to stop Florida recount in the election of 2000  
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