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AP Gov flashcards
Unit 5: The Executive Branch and The Bureaucracy
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Appropriation | money that Congress that allocated to be spent |
| Bully Pulpit | a public office or position of authority that provides its occupant with an outstanding opportunity to speak out on any issue |
| Bureaucracy | departments, agencies, bureaus, and commissions in the executive branch of gov |
| Executive agreement | an agreement between the president and another head of state that, unlike a treaty, doesn't require Senate consent |
| Executive order | presidential rule or regulation that has the force of law |
| Executive privilege | the privilege of a Pres and his staff to withhold their "privileged" conversations from Congress or the courts |
| Impeachment | House action that formally charges an official with wrongdoing. Conviction requires 2/3 vote from the Senate |
| Impoundment | refusal of a Pres to spend money that has been appropriated by Congress |
| Independent Regulatory Agency | Members serve for fixed terms, some examples include; Fed Reserve Board, FCC, Fed Trade Commission. Oversee particular areas of interest |
| Inherent Powers | Any power that belongs to the national gov simply because it is the national gov of a sovereign. Not explicitly in the Constitution but historically or naturally needed. |
| Lame Duck | refers to a person, legislature, or administration that continues to hold office after losing an election. No mandate which results in lack of power. |
| Legislative oversight | ongoing process of congressional monitoring of the executive branch to ensure the latter complies with the law |
| Line item veto | power of most governors to delete or reduce funding in a bill on a line by line basis |
| Merit System | system of hiring fed workers based upon competitive exams |
| Office of Management and Budget (OMB) | White House office responsible for devising and submitting the president's annual budget proposal to Congress |
| Patronage | power to appoint loyal party members to fed positions |
| Pocket veto | presidential killing of a bill by inaction after Congress adjourns |
| Political appointees | those who have received presidential appointments to office. Contrast with Civil Service employees, who receive fed jobs by competitive exams |
| Pork barrel | wasteful congressional spending (e.g. funding for a Lawrence Welk museum in N Dakota) |
| Red tape | complex rules and procedures required by bureaucratic agencies |
| Senatorial courtesy | tradition where the Pres consults with the senators within a state which an appointment is to be made |
| Seniority system | tradition where the Senator from the majority party with the most years of service on a committee |
| Signing statement | a written comment by the press on a piece of legislation that has become law. Can include the pres's interpretation of the law and their intent on implementing it. |
| Spoils system | see patronage above |
| Sunset laws | laws that automatically expire after a given time |
| Whistleblower | an employee who exposes unethical or illegal conduct within the fed gov or one of its contractors |
| Writ of habeas corpus | court order the authorities show cause for why they are holding a prisoner in custody. Deters unlawful imprisonment |
| US v Nixon | rejected Nixon's claim to an absolutely unqualified privilege against any judicial process |
| Clinton v NY | the law granting the president the line item-veto was unconstitutional |
| Bush v Gore | use of equal protection clause to stop Florida recount in the election of 2000 |
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