PFT_Terms_Chapter17
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| acidosis | a blood pH below 7.35; a metabolic condition due to excessive loss of bicarbonate or sodium
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| alkalosis | a blood pH above 7.45; a metabolic condition due to excessive loss of potassium or chloride
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| antidote | a drug that counters the harmful effects of a poison
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| antivenin | a material used in treatment of poisoning by animal venom
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| botulin toxin | a neurotoxin that blocks the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in muscular paralysis
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| chelating agent | a drug that bonds to a metal ion to prevent it from reacting with biological compounds
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| Code Blue | a system to communicate that a patient is in a life-threatening situation
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| coenzyme | a chemical other than a protein that is needed to assist an enzyme in performing a metabolic function
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| cracking | separation of lipid from a parenteral nutrition solution
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| electrolyte | a substance that dissociates into ions in solution and is thus capable of conducting electricity
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| enteral | by way of, or pertaining to, the intestine
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| enteral nutrition | feeding a patient liquid food through a tube that leads to the gastrointestinal system
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| fat-soluble vitamins | vitamins that are absorbed along with dietary fat and are maintained in large stores by the body; vitamins A, D, E, and K
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| gastric lavage | a procedure to wash out or irrigate the patient's stomach, commonly known as a stomach pump
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| herbs | plants or plant parts extracted and valued for their savory, aromatic, or medicinal qualities
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| hypertonic solution | a solution with a higher concentration of particles than body fluids contain
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| hypotonic solution | a solution with a lower concentration of particles than body fluids contain
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| isotonic solution | a solution with the same level of particles, and thus the same tonicity, as body fluids
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| malnutrition | any disorder of nutrition
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| medical food | a preparation taken orally consisting of nutrients specifically required to treat some disease or condition
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| osteomalacia | demineralization and weakening of the skeleton, caused by a deficiency of vitamin D in adults
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| parenteral nutrition | feeding a patient by supplying a nutrient solution through a vein
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| phytonadione | vitamin K1
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| pooling | a time-saving process used when preparing a three-in-one TPN, in which all electrolytes except phosphate are put into a small-volume parenteral bag and then transferred into each batch
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| probiotic | a product to restore or promote the growth of normal bacterial flora in the body
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| propagate | reproduce
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| ricin | a toxin derived from the castor bean that acts by disabling the molecular machinery for protein synthesis
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| supportive therapy | therapy for poisoning that consists of establishing the airway and providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR); maintaining body temperature, nutritional status, and fluid and electrolyte balance; and preventing circulatory collapse, hypoglycemia, uremi
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| three-in-one | see total nutrient admixture
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| tocopherol | one of the alcohols that constitute vitamin E
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| tonicity | the relationship of a solution to the body's own fluids; measured by determining the number of dissolved particles in solution
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| total nutrient admixture (TNA) | an amino acid-dextrose-lipid formulation used for parenteral nutrition; often called three-in-one
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| total parenteral nutrition (TPN) | feeding a patient through the veins only
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| two-in-one | a formulation for parenteral nutrition that contains only amino acids and dextrose
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| vitamin | an organic substance that is necessary for the normal metabolic functioning of the body but that the body does not synthesize, so it must be obtained from food
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| water-soluble vitamins | vitamins that are excreted in the urine and are not stored in the body; vitamin C and the B vitamins
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