Civics unit 4 test
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| What is the difference btwn aliens and immigrants? | An immigrant is someone who is here to stay while an alien is someone with or without citizenship who is visiting
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| 1st amendment | freedom of speech, religion, of the press, to peacefully assemble
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| 2nd | right to bear arms
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| 3rd | no forced quartering of soldiers
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| 4th | no searches and seizures w/o warrant
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| 5th | no double jeopardy, no self incrimination, land can be used for public use if paid a fair price
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| 6th | trial by an impartial jury of your peers, right to speedy and open door trial
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| 7th | right to a trial by jury when suing above $20
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| 8th | no cruel and unusual punishments
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| 9th | rights not stated in the Const
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| 10th | state can establish laws that aren't a federal govt law (i.e. abortion)
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| 11th | state cannot be sued by foreigners or citizens of another state
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| 12th | Pres and VP have separate ballots in electoral college
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| 13th | abolished slavery
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| 14th | made everyone citizens
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| 15th | gave freed slaves the right to vote
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| 16th | income tax
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| 17th | senators elected by the people
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| 18th | prohibited alcohol
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| 19th | women can vote
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| 20th | inauguration moved to Jan. VP elect becomes Pres if something happens to Pre elect
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| 21st | repealed 18th
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| 22nd | limit to 2 terms
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| 23rd | dc can vote
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| 24th | no poll taxes
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| 25th | established succession
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| 26th | 18 yr olds vote
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| 27th | Cong pay raise doesn't go into effect until next term
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| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | est judicial review
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| McCullouch v. Maryland (1819) | Supremacy Clause
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| Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | fed govt controls interstate trade
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| Korematsu v. US (1944) | in a time of war, pres can issue executive order to maintain national security
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| De jure segregation | segregation by the law
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| De facto segregation | people segregate themselves
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| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | separate but equal is okay
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| Brown v. Board of Education (1954) | separate but equal is not okay; integrated schools as quickly as possible
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| Heart of Atlanta v. US (1964) | public places could not choose who to serve; they serve everyone
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| Swann v. Charlotte - Mecklenburg BOE (1969) | busing can be used to integrate schools
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| Affirmative Action | minorities are given special consideration and/or actively recruited for jobs, admittance to universities, etc.
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| Regents of UC v. Bakke (1978) | state supported school could use race as a basis for admission though quotas are illegal
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| Furman v. Georgia (1972) | Death penalty is unconstitutional
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| Gregg v. Georgia (1976) | Death penalty is fine as long as it's applied fairly
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| Mapp v. Ohio (1966) | police are not allowed to use illegally obtained evidence in a trial
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| Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | right to an attorney even if you don't have the money for one
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| Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | est Miranda rule/warning
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| Engel v. Vitale (1962) | no prayer in public school
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| NJ v. TLO (1985) | schools can check lockers randomly or with "reasonable suspicion"
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| Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) | the wearing of armbands are protected as symbolic speech
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| Bethel School DIstrict v. Fraser (1986) | schools can set limits on language and expression if they can prove that the actions are distracting
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| Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) | school administration may place restrictions on a school newspaper and may censor it
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| Schenck v. US (1919) | govt can limit speech in a time of war if it is a "clear and present danger"
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| Texas v. Johnson (1989) | you can burn in protest as a symbolic speech and cannot be outlawed
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| State (NC) v. Mann (1830) | NCSC ruled slave-owners cannot be punished for destroying their own property
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| The Leandro Case v. State (1997) | reinforced that NC govt is obligated to live up to the guidelines of the Const
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| Who is a born citizen? | someone who has both or one parent as a citizen, native american, born on a military base, born in any of the 50 states or DC or American territory
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| Costs of Jury Duty? | time away from family, job, expense of it, time
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| Melting Pot Theory | means to assimilate - to blend together to become one
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| Characteristics of effective citizenship? | voting, patriotism, volunteerism, responsible behavior, paying taxes, respecting the rights of others, community spirit, voluntary compliance
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| benefits of political and economic freedom? | get to choose, have a voice, allowed to live wherever you want, opportunity to pursue success, may set own goals, us govt doesn't have limit in choices, benefits other countries don't have, make own political choices
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| consequences of political and economic freedom? | no help in loss in stock market, willing to compromise, personal responsibilities, must face justice for doing something wrong
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| ways to amend the US Const? | Initiated by Congress - both houses of Cong pass proposed amend then goes to state; 3/4 of states approve becomes part of Const
Constitutional Convention - occurs when 2/3 states call for special mtg to consider proposed amend; 3/4 states approve
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| judicial review? | judicial branch has authority to rule things unconstitutional
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| affirmative action? | policy designed to help minorities who traditionally been discriminated against
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| causes of the 26th amend? | "old enough to fight, old enough to vote"
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| Steps in the Naturalization process | 1 - sign a statement on (US CIS)
2 - live in US at least 3 months in state you want to live in, file an app for citizenship (18 yrs old)
3 - interview w/ CIS
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| Steps in the naturalization process (cont.) | 4 - citizenship exam (CIS decision)
5 - ceremony (oath of allegiance)
6 - sign doc (your child under 18 becomes cit.)
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